ibc;rpit
r;/;iben;d p;l Ab' j;p;n
pÓbIr
ibk;x srk;r
j;p;n p[b;sI z‹;k;rà el%kà gebWk
j;tIY e=e] s'r=,à p[dxRn \ p[c;r n; q;k;r k;re, b;°;il
j;itr bŸ kIitR eymn /es p‹et p‹et icrter ibluPt heY
egez etmin kIitRm;n m;nuW\ k;elr /Usrt;Y imileY egezn n; hY
iblIYm;n. b;'l;edex jNm &;ret beY;p[;Pt p[;¼²n ix=;ibdà
ibc;rpit @" r;/;iben;d p;l etmin Akjn m;nuW. n;n; idk
ideYE itin a;Ntj;Ritk %*;itsMpµ Ab' j;p;en nms* b*i¼²tÃ.
AE b*i¼²r se^ j;p;enr sMpkRek i&i¼ ker j;p;nú &;rtú
b;'l;edx EeCz krel i]edxIY ix=;à s;'¦Oitk Ab' aqRwnitk i&tek
a;r\ &ibW*_mu%I kret p;rt belE men hY.
ibXbyuÊpUbR
b;°;il \ j;p;inedr me/* ey a;/*;itÍk icNt;ectn;r ej;r;el;
bN/n Sh;ipt heYizl es$; yueÊr pr ½em ½em =I,tr heY
pe‹izl. 2007 s;el klk;t;r sL$elek Ú&;rtúj;p;n s'¦Oit
ekNd[Ûr ¤eá;/n p[;cIn esE peq a;el; efelez men heCz. A%n
yid piXcmbe^r srk;r \ jng, AE xtbWRp[;cIn /;r;ek
es[;et;ebg ker tulet secê hn t;hel duedexr t•,
p[jNm
l;&b;n heb in"seNdeh. a;r esE suey;g$; j;p;nE ker
ideYezúú ey j;p;enr se^ b;°;ilr a;/*;itÍk sMpekRr sUcn;
heYizl ¤inx xtekr exW idek b; ib'x xtekr º•et. a;r
p[Sfui$t heYez j;p;en @" r;/;iben;d p;elr ¤ø;enr m/*
ideY. ikN¼ du&R;g* a;m;edr ey esE a;el;ikt Eith;s
b;°;ilr s;men tuel /r; hYin.
º/u
r;/;iben;d p;lE nYà emEij yueg Ø1868ú1912Ù pUbRb^ eqek
Ak;i/k b;°;il j;p;en Aes b*bs;s'½;Nt ai&+t; ajRn ker
Âedex igeY klk;r%;n; Sh;pn Ab' j;p;n˜mn ibWYk g[Nh ile%
ere% egezn kib rbINd[n;q #;kur j;p;en a;s;r aenk a;eg. eymn
mNmqn;q e`;Wà suerxcNd[ beNd*;p;/*;Yà hirp[&; t;ekd;
p[mu%. mNmqn;q 1906 s;elr idek j;p;en Aesizeln Ab' p[yui¼²
ixe% Âedex igeY k;r%;n; Sh;pn kerizeln bel j;n;eCzn
ibixê el%k gebWk sub[t kum;r d;s. mNmqn;eqr jNm yex;er.
ib'x
xtekr p[;reÅ 1902 s;el j;p;in piçt a;c;yR \k;kur; etnixn
igeYezn klk;t;Y "Ân;m/n* eboÊpiçt ir¤k;n
ikmur; b; ikmur; iniK c|g[;em p;il&;W; ix=;l;e&r jn*
igeYezn 1907 s;el. an*idek ibp®bI r;sibh;rI bsu 1915 s;elà
rbINd[n;q #;kur 1916 s;elà ent;ij su&;WcNd[ bsu 1943
s;elà r;/;iben;d p;l 1946 s;elà 1973 s;el b^bN/u muijbr
rhm;n j;p;en a&utpUbR a;iteqYt;à s'b/Rn; ajRn kerizeln.
a;r\ ebx ikzu ibixë j;p;in Ab' b;°;il a;s; y;\Y; kerezn ¤&Y
edexE. AE /;r; A%en; ibd*m;n ikN¼ xi¼²x;lI –p /;r, kret
p;erin. AE sÅ;bn;mY sMpkR$;r ek;en; mUl*;Yn kr;r ecê;E
kerin ¤&Y a÷elr b;°;ilr; ibgt a/Rxt;ÝI /er.
Akq;
anÂIk;yR ey scr;cr an*n* j;itr se^ j;p;enr sMpkR at$;
g&Ir nY Akm;] ek;irY; \ cIn b*iterek. pUbR AixY; tq;
dUrp[;ec*r a÷l iheseb Aedr `inët; Â;&;ibk&;ebE
q;k;r kq;. ikN¼ j;p;n eqek bŸdUr di=, AixY;r &;rtbWR.
tq;ip a;/uink yuegr p[;reÅE j;p;n ú&;rtbeWRr me/* ix=;
s'¦Oitkú/mRIY e=e] s'ix®ê b*i¼²edr buiÊbOi¼k
a;d;n p[d;n `e$. ibexW ker •x j;p;n yuÊ y;ek bl; heY q;ek
xU,* ibXbyuÊ ( Zero World War)
t;et eXbt;^ j;itr ib•eÊ j;p;inedr ibjY ajRn &;rtbWR
tq; b;'l; a÷el Amn g&Ir p[&;b ibSt;r kerizl eyà
&;rtIY Â;/Int; a;eNd;len si½Y ibp®bIr; j;p;nek l=*
kerizeln t;-edr Akm;] shey;gI edx iheseb. eknn; &;rtbWR
t%n eXbt;^ bOi$x ktOk x;ist ex;iWt. a;r t;E eXbt;^edrek
ibt;i‹t kret j;p;enr s;h;y*E p[eY;jn izl. AE yuÊ aenk
sectnà j;tIYt;eb;e/ ¤dIPt b;°;il t•,ek ¤áuÊ kerizl.
t•, bYes r;/;iben;d p;l Ø1886ú1967Ù izeln etmin Akjn.
b;'l;edexr kuiêY; ejl;r Ø&utpUbR nidY;Ù p[t*Nt a÷l
t;r;‡inY; E¤inYnà edoltpur ¤pejl;r s;ilmpur g[;emr Ak
int;Nt dird[ pirb;er jNm r;/;iben;d p;l ezelebl; eqekE p[cç
pirx[m \ em/;r bel m;nuW heYizeln. 1907 s;el klk;t; ep[ise@iNs
kelj eqek gi,et ibúA an;sR prI=;Y ¤¼I,R hb;r perr bzr AkE
p[itë;n eqek AkE ibWeY AmúA prI=;Y p[qm ex[,I l;&
kern. em/;bI r;/;iben;d p;l jIbenr p[qm c;kiret inyu¼² hn
1911 s;el mYmnis'h ejl;r ib%*;t a;nNdem;hn kelejr gi,t
x;eS]r a/*;pk iheseb. A%;en q;k;k;lIn klk;t; ibXbibd*;lY
eqek m;í$;r ab lÛ prI=;Y p[qm ex[,Iet p[qm h\Y;r egorb
ajRn kern 1920 s;el. 1921 s;el kilk;t; ¤Cca;d;let
a;EnjIbI iheseb ey;g edn. 1924 s;el kilk;t; ibXbibd*;lY eqek
AlúAlúi@ aqR;_ @šr ab lÛ i@g[I l;& kern Úmnus'iht;pUbR
wbidk \ ¤¼r wbidk yueg ihNdu a;EnúdxRn ibWeY sNd&R
ile%. Akm;] itinE iyin itnúitnb;r klk;t; ibXbibd*;leYr
dulR& Úe$eg;r lÛ p[efsrÛ Ar a;sen inbR;ict hn 1925ú30ú48
s;el. t;-r a;eg y;-r; AE a;sen ¤pibê heYizeln t;-r; izeln
s*;r a;ºet;W mue%;p;/*;Yà s*;r ‡•d;s beNd*;p;/*;Yà
@" ibjnkum;r mue%;p;/*;Y Ab' h;&R;@ l ¦uelr a/*;pk
er;sek; p;¤ç (Roscoe Pound).
AE
ibrl sMm;enr k;re, &;rt srk;r ktORk 1927ú41 s;l pyRNt
j;tIY a;Ykr dPterr a;En ¤pedê; iheseb d;iYtÃp[;Pt
heYizeln @" p;l. 1941 s;el kilk;t; ¤Cc a;d;letr
ibc;rpit inbR;ict hn Ab' 1943 s;el absr ineY punr;Y \k;litet
ifer y;n. ikN¼ perr bzr a;b;r @;k pe‹ kilk;t; ibXbibd*;leYr
¤p;c;eyRr d;iytà g[he,r jn*. dUrp[;c* e$;ik\ a;Ntj;Ritk
imil$;ir $[;Ebu*n;elr ibc;rpit iheseb ey;gd;enr pUebR 1946
s;l pyRNt AE ped a;sIn izeln. AE ibc;er itin ey 1235 pOë;r
r;Y ideYizeln t; a;j ibXbEith;s. a;NtjR;itk a;Eenr e=e] Ak
apirsIm abd;n. AE buiÊbOi¼k \ x[mlÊ r;eYr i&i¼et
kmRbIr @" p;l t;-r p[it&; \ ‡,gt kmRk;eçr
mUl*;Yn –p 1952 eqek 1966 s;l pyRNt j;its'` a;Ntj;Ritk
a;En s&;r ecY;rm*;n izeln. 1957 s;el j;tIY a/*;pk Ab'
1960 s;el &UiWt hn &;retr an*tm ex[ë j;tIY sMm;n ÚpdÍ&UW,Û
pdek. a;jIbn rbINd[&¼² @" p;l ji‹t izeln
j;tIYt;b;dI r;jnIitr se^\. exW jIben x;iNtb;dI kmRI iheseb
1967 s;el klk;t;Y injgOeh mOt*ubr, kern. mOtu*r pUebR 1966
s;el sm[;$ iher;ihet; t;-ek r;eê[r sebR;Cc sMm;nn; p[qm
ex[,Ir ÚsuEeh;\ex;\Û (Order of the Sacred Treasure)
pdek &uiWt kern. 1997 s;el
&;retr se^ j;p;enr kU$wnitk sMpekRr 50 bzr pUitRet
ikeYet; xherr adUer Ak p;h;‹Sh ex;\Y;úen; úem;ir n;mk ¤d*;en
t;-r Aki$ SmOitflk Sh;pn kern j;p;in j;tIYt;b;dI entObONd.
entOtà edn ib%*;t ikeY;esr; ek;Mp;inr p[itë;t; Ab' p[;¼²n
ecY;rm*;n @" En;em;ir k;ju\. p[;Y ed‹x b;i,j* p[itë;n
AE p[keLp a;iqRk s;h;y* ker. ¤eá;/n ¤ple= j;p;en Aesizeln
@" p;elr pu] ibixê a;EnjIbI p[x;Ntkum;r p;l Ø1926Ù
sS]Ik. anu–p a;r Aki$ SmOitflk Sh;ipt heYez 2005 s;el
e$;ik\r kud;nixt; xher abiSht &;rtIY dUt;b;s s'lGn
ibtikRt EY;skuin ixeSt; miNdr p[;^en.
¤eö%*
ey ¤dIYm;n xi¼²x;lI s;m[;j*b;dI j;p;enr ¤dY `e$izl
ibc;rpit r;/;iben;d p;elr mnen t•, bYesE. men hY esE eqekE
j;p;enr se^ inYitr bN/en b;-/; pe‹ igeYizeln. t; n; hel
a;Ntj;Ritk a;En ibexW+ n; h\Y; setÃ\ ekn e$;ik\ s;mirk $[;Ebu*n;el
11 jn ibc;rpitr me/* Akjn &;rtIY p[itini/ heY a;sebn?
ekn im]xi¼² a;emirk;úbOe$núend;rl*;ç t;-ek inbR;ict
kreb &;rtúj;p;n `inët;r kq; j;n; se¼Ã\? eknEb;
iher;ixm;ekiNd[k ibXbx;iNtb;dI a;eNd;len ji‹t hebn? eknEb;
t;-r SmOitflk j;p;en p[itiët heb ey%;en &;rt \
b;'l;edexr ek;q;\ a;j pyRNt Sh;ipt hY in.
Akb;r
j;p;n srk;r t;-r Aki$ a;b= mUitR p;i#eYizl klk;t; ibXbibd*;leY
Sh;pn kr;r jn* es$; em;‹ksuÊ ‡d;m `err is-i‹r tel
Sh;n epeYizlà p[x;Ntb;bur mue% AE kq; ºen ibXb;s hiCzl n;
ede% Aki$ wdink E'erij pi]k; ØsÅbt Úid $;Ems ab EiçY;ÛÙ
%uel t_sMpikRt p[itebdn edi%eYezn a;m;ek 2006 s;el t;-r e@;b;r
elenr inr;&r, b;s&ben. a;r\ Aki$ t;_pyRpU,R mNtb*
kerizeln itin t%nà eneh• t;-edrek aenk jÃ;ileYezà
sbRx;Nt ker ideYez. ºen StiÅt heYizl;m ikN¼ ibSt;irt
j;n;r jn* a;m;r smY h;et izl n;. a;im n; hE ek¤ n; ek¤
Akidn ab*¼² st*ek el;ksMmue% ¤eNm;ict kreb. eneh•r se^
ey @" p;elr sMpkR &;el; izl n; t;
p[m;i,t hY \lNd;j
a;En ibx;rd p[efsr b;$R eril' Ar &;W* eqek y;
p[x;Ntb;bur mue% ex;n;. itin eril'Ar ili%t Aki$
g[Nh
a;m;ek ed%;n. a;En ibexW+ eril' $[;Ebu*n;elr a;eg im]xi¼²
a;emirk;r ejn;erl @gl;s m*;ka;qR;err anuer;e/ &;rt eqek
Akjn a;Ntj;Ritk a;En ibexWe+r e%;-ej idöI y;n Ab' eneh•ek
anuer;/ kern etmn k;¤ek pircY kireY idet t;et eneh•
ap;rgt; p[k;x kern. per eril' inejE anusN/;n ker a;EnjIbI
r;/;iben;d p;elr e%;-j epeY t;-r se^ s;=;t ker t;-ekE inyu¼²
kern $[;Ebu*n;el. bOi$x srk;r t;-r ineY;eg anumit p[d;n ker.
A$;E kI eneh•r ŠWR;r k;r, heY ¤e#izl ? t;r jb;b A%en;
p;\Y; y;Y in. ikN¼ 60ú70 Ar dxek dI`Ridn j;p;en bsb;sk;rI
&;rtIY b;°;il b*bs;YI btRm;en idöISh Ú¤Nmu¼² ¤Cz;sÛ
s;iht* s;miYkIr sMp;dkà p[k;xk ibk;x ibXb;s t;-r j;p;n ai&+t;
ineY ili%t Ú¤idt &;nur edx j;p;nÛ g[eNh belezn Úe$;ik\
$[;Ebu*n;el ibc;rpit p;elr r;Y ineY eneh• asN¼ê heYizeln.
itin a;x; kerizeln a;emirk; tq; eXbt;^edr p[t*;x;r se^ iml
ere% r;Y edebn. ikN¼ ideYezn sMpU,R ¤eL$;. AE ineY dI`Ridn
t;-edr me/* tkRibtkR men;m;iln* celizl.Û eneh• ik menp[;e,
eXbt;^pNhI izeln? t-;r icNt; \ kmRk;eç al°`nIY bOi$x
p[&;b izl bel et; aenekE men kern. 1964 s;el t;-r
mOtU*r pr Aki$ bOi$x pi]k; belizl ÚAr pr eqek Akjn &;rtIY
ØEiNdr; g;N/IÙ &;rt x;sn krebn. mNtb*i$ t;_pyRpU,R. teb
A$; i#k ey ibc;rpit p;l p[d¼ r;eYr ikzu ikzu ibWY ineY A%en;
ibtkR a;ez. t;-r r;Yek kitpY j;p;in buiÊjIbI adlbdl ker
yeqCz b*bh;r kerezn bel\ ai&ey;g reYez. etmin bŸ ibtkR
a;ez e$;ik\ imil$;ir $[;Ebu*n;elr a;eY;jnek i`erE. ibc;rpit
@" p;l A$;ek $[;Ebu*n;lE men kern in. t;-r AE anu/;benr
smqRnek ½m;gt ej;r;el; ker tulez s;Mp[itkk;el edx ibedex ¤Nmu¼²à
a;ib¦Ot ‡•tÃpU,R a+;t tq* ¤p;¼smUh. ØibSt;irt j;n;r
jn* a;m;r ili%t Úet;ej; ehedik " j;p;enr exW s;mur;EÛ
j;n; aj;n; iátIY pbR d[êb*Ù btRm;nk;elr kitpY gebWekr dO!
ibXb;s ey ¤¼² ibc;err icNt;&;bn; \ a;eY;jen 10 i$ ibr;$
&ul b; ib˜;iNt ikzu gebWk t_=,;_ Ab' prbtRIk;el tuel /erizeln.
Ar me/* p[/;n Aki$ &ul heCz Úb*i¼²r p[it a;e½;xÛ.
Aki$ mh;yuÊ s'`$enr jn* Aki$ j;it d;YI q;ek. esE j;itr
p[/;n pirc;lk Ak; ikzu isÊ;Nt inet p;ern n; r;ê[ pirc;ln;Y
inyu¼² pirWdbgR z;‹;. j;p;enr e=e] a;emirk;r ib•eÊ yuÊ
e`;W,; b; ilPt h\Y;r isÊ;Nt t_k;lIn p[/;nmN]I ejn;erl et;ej;
ihedik Ak; ineYizeln bel suSpê p[m;, p;\Y; y;Y in. t;-r se^
izl smg[ mN]I pirWd Ab' sb;r ¤per r;eê[r sbRmY =mt;r
ai/k;rI ex;\Y; sm[;$ iher;ihet;. ikN¼ e$;ik\ $[;Ebu*n;el
sm[;$ek b;Eer ere% et;ej;ek p[/;n ker puer; mN]I pirWd Ab'
kitpY buiÊjIbIek a;s;im kr; heYizl. itni$ ex[,I kr; heYizl
A ib is n;em. ÚAÛ hl x;iNt&^à ÚibÛ hl yuÊpr;/à ÚisÛ
hl m;nbt;iber;/I. a;d;let º/um;] ÚAÛ icih³t apr;/Iedr
ibc;r kr; heYizl ÚibÛ \ ÚisÛ icih³t apr;/Iedr
ibc;r anuiët hYinà apr;/I sbRem;$ 28 jn. 3 jn ibi&µ
k;re, m;r; y;\Y;Y 25 jnek x;iSt p[d;n kr; heYizl eyoq r;eYr
m;/*em. t;\ a;b;r ‡•tr apr;e/r jn* et;ej;sh 7 jenr f;-is
b;ikr; y;bÕIbn k;r;deç diçt heYizeln. a;b;r ek¤ ek¤
‡•tr apr;/I iheseb ibc;r eqek fsek egeznà dçp[;Pt
k;r;bNdI iheseb k;r;g;r eqek d[³t mui¼²\ epeYezn. ikN¼
ey ±ith;isk `$n;r jNm ideYizeln p[;¼²n p[/;nmN]I ejn;erl
et;ej; ihedik ibn;b;ek* f;-isr dç;edx m;q; epet ineY aqR;_
sm[;$ek b;-iceY ideYizeln t;r nijr Eith;es %ubE ibrl. j;it \
r;ê[pirc;lekr p[it Amn a;nuget*r dOê;Nt Akm;] et;ej;
ihedikE edi%eY egezn. 60 bzr pr Eith;s a;j t;-r AE as;m;n*
dOê;Ntek ÂIk;r ker inet `uer d;-i‹eYez belE men hY
s;Mp[itkk;el ibStr ‡Pt tq*;idr &;ç;r ¤eNmcenr fel.
AE ibc;ri$ exW kretE a;‹;E bzr Ø 3 em 1946úú12 ne&Mbr
1948Ù smY elegizl im]xi¼²r. AE a;‹;E bzr e$;ik\
EeMpirY;l eh;e$elr ke= bes inrls&;eb a;NtjR;itk a;Enà
j;p;in Eith;sibWYk g[Nh;id p;# \ gebW,; kerezn @" p;l.
y; a;r Ak nijribhIn `$n;.
p[Xn
heCz eyà im]xi¼² sm[;$ek p[k;ex* d;YI kret p;erin t;r Akm;]
k;r,úúesE =mt; t;edr izl n;. t%nk;r pirep[i=et sm[;$
j;p;enr ±ek*r p[tIk tq; Úk;ims;m;Û b; sbRmY =mt;r ai/k;rI
Úpib] edbt;Û iheseb sup[itiët izeln. t;-ek a;d;let e$en
a;n;r aqR heCz Ú`umNt s;mur;EjemÛ a;‡n l;g;en;. j;p;inr;
sb lç&ç ker edb;r met; t%en; yeqê xi¼²/r izlúúyueÊ
eÂCz;Y pr;jY br, kr;r pr\. ¤eö%* eyà a;,ibk eb;m;\ t;r;
¤ã;bn ker efelizeln ikN¼ sm[;e$r inedRex t; b*bh;r eqek
ibrt q;eknà k;r, iher;ixm; n;g;s;ikr pr a;r aehtuk m;nuW
in/n sm[;$ ed%et c;nin. ikN¼ im]xi¼²r duE p[/;n r;ê[
a;emirk; \ bOe$n j;p;enr AE men;&;bek a;edo ibebcn;Y n;
Aen Aki$ sudurp[s;rI ¤d;hr, Sh;pn kr;r jn* e$;ik\
imil$;ir $[;Ebu*n;elr a;eY;jn kerizeln Ab' Ar jn* izl Amn
Akjn m;nueWr y;ek shej f;-s;en; y;Yúúitin izeln yuÊk;lIn
p[/;nmN]I sm[;$ anugt ejn;erl et;ej; ihedik. k;ejE ed%;
y;eCz eyà b*i¼²ibexW izl im]xi¼²r mUl l=*. mUl yuÊ;pr;/I
iheseb yid /r; hY t;hel aenkekE ibc;err a;\t;Y a;n; hYin rhs*jnk&;eb.
eymn en;busuek ikis itin et;ej;r mN]Is&;Y b;i,j*mN]I
izelnà j;p;n ktROk cIen p[itiët m;÷uku\ tq; m;÷ur;ej*r
¤µYnibWYk p[/;n kmRktR;\ izeln. t;-r ek;en; ibc;r hY inà
br' yueÊr pr itin dudub;r p[/;nmN]I heYizeln. @" p;elr
`inë bN/u izeln itin. p;elr r;Y itinE p[qm g[Nh;k;er p[k;x
kerizeln j;p;in &;W;Y. Amin a;r\ aenekE p;r epeY egezn.
em;â;kq;à et;ej; ihedikr ¤pr izl im]xi¼²p[/;n a;emirk;r
r;jer;W. k;r, A$; st* ey r;ê[IY isÊ;eNtr p= heY itin b;/*
heY h;\Y;EE áIpSh m;ikRn eno`;-i$ p;lRh;bR;r ¤i‹eY ideY
a;emirk;r ib•eÊ p[x;Nt mh;s;grIY b; mh;AixY; yueÊr sUcn;
kerizeln. b;/* heY bl; AE k;re, eyà Amn&;eb j;p;nek
a;emirk;sh eXbt;^ xi¼² ½em ½em c;p p[eY;g ker edY;el e#ikeY
/erizl eyà aiSttà bj;Y r;%;r jn* j;p;nek `uer d;-‹;et
heYizl. r;eê[r anumit½emE
p[/;nmN]Ià esn;pit iheseb et;ej;
yuÊe`;W,;p] p;i#eYizeln i#kE ikN¼ rhs*jnk&;eb es$;
Ak `N$; ibleMb m;ikRn ktORpe=r h;et epo-ezizl. Ar me/*
enob;ihnI p[/;n EY;m;em;et; Ees;er;ku a;½mn ker besn
p;lRh;bR;r. fel `$n;½em et;ej; ihedikekE a;emirk; d;YI ker
p;lRh;bR;r a;½menr jn*. yid\ A$; izl W‹yN] m;]. Ab'
ibc;rpit r;/;iben;d p;l SpêtE buZet eperizeln eyà
a;emirk;E yt n;e$r ‡•. t;E 1941 s;elr 8 i@esMbr j;p;n
a;emirk;ek a;½m, krel ep[ise@N$ f[;éiln i@l;en; •je&eL$r
pirkLpn; puer;puir b;Stb;iYt hY yueÊ s'yu¼² h\Y;r. k;r,
a;emirk;r\ t%n yueÊ ji‹t n;hel dI`Ridenr l;g;t;r &Y;nk
aqRwnitk s'k$ k;i$eY \#; sÅb izl n; bel gebWkedr ibXb;s. yuÊ
l;gelE ibpul pirm;, aS]xS]à %;d*úp,* ¤_p;idt hebà
k;ejr \ a;eYr a&;b heb n;. aqR;_ \Y;remixn c;lu hebà
A$;\ izl an*tm l=* ep[ise@N$ •je&eL$r. t;E j;p;n y%n
a;emirk;r b*bs;YI a'xId;r cIn a;½m, ker Ab' im]edx bOi$exr
¤pinebx &;rtek p[t*=&;eb shey;igt;r h;t AigeY edY
`;be‹ y;Y bOe$n a;r a;emirk; fel d[³t pirkLpn; b;Stb;Yen
t_pr heY \e#. a;emirk; j;p;nek c;p p[eY;g ker cIenr m;÷uirY;à
n;nik' Øn;nij'Ù eqek wsn* p[t*;h;r kret. yid\ m;÷uirY;
cIenr inj ek;en; j;Yg; izl n; ek;en;k;elE. ¤Nmu¼² Aki$
j;Yg;Y cIn;à ek;irY;nà r;ixY;n Ab' j;p;inr; dI`Rk;l /er
bsb;s ker a;sizl. m;÷uirY;r mUl j;itE izl a;l;d; eg;ëIúúy;-edr
pircY Eith;es ÚkuE'Û b'x n;em Úk;nÛ Úh;nÛ ek;en; eg;ëI
nY.
p[kOtpe=à
m;÷uirY;r ¤pr r;ixY; \ j;mR;inr a;g[;sI hSte=p izl bŸ
a;eg eqekE. %inj sMpedr jn* m;÷uirY; izl br;brE smOÊ. ey
k;re, a;emirk;à bOe$nà r;ixY;à j;mR;n \ j;p;enr l=* izl
m;÷uirY;. es%;en p[cur pirm;e, aqR ibineY;g kerizl j;p;nà
ge‹ tuelizl &;rI ixLp k;r%;n;à kOiW %;m;rà a;/uink
erlpqà bNdrà h;sp;t;là ix=; p[itë;n Et*;id. y; eze‹
idel j;p;nek n; e%eY mret htúúAE b;Stbt; ey a;emirk; j;nt
n; t; nY. j;p;nek n;St;n;bud kr;r jn* a;emirk; cIn;
j;tIYt;b;dI dl p[/;n icY;' k;E exkek (Chiang Kai shek)
a;iqRk&;eb shey;igt;r h;t b;i‹eY ideYizl. anu–p
r;ixY;\ smqRn ideYizl j;tIYt;b;dI dlek m;÷uirY; eqek
j;p;nek ¤_%;t kret. Eitme/* EeNd;isn;r Ø im]xi¼²&u¼²
\lNd;j ¤pinebx EeNd;enixY;Ù idek ag[sr h\Y;r k;re,
a;emirk; j;p;enr se^ jÃ;l;in \ iáp;i=k b;i,j* cui¼² sb
b;itl ker edY. Âr;ê[ sicb k;e@Rl h;l (Cordell Hull)
ktORk 26ú11ú1941 t;ire% ep[irt exW en;$ Ar &;W*E
a;emirk;új;p;n yueÊr `N$; b;ijeY izl. \E idnE j;p;in
enob;ihnI h;\Y;EE Ar p;lRh;bR;rSh m;ikRn eno`;-i$r idek r\Y;n;
heY y;Y. 8 i@esMbr eno`;-i$ a;½m, ker yueÊr sUcn; ker.
AE
pyRNt Eith;s ejen ibc;rpit p;l y; anu&b kern es$; AE eyà
a;emirk; j;p;enr m;nibk idk$; ek;en;idnE ibebcn; kerin.
j;p;n s;m[;j*b;dI ht n; a;emirk;E t;ek s;m[;j*b;dI kerez t;r
p[eY;jen. teb an*idek icNt; krel a;emirk;r AE &uelr k;re,
&;rtbWRsh AixY;r edx‡el; bOi$xà f[;Ns \ end;rl*;çs
Ar h;tz;‹; heYez aqR;_ x x bzr pr AixY; mh;edx eXbt;^
s;m[;j*b;edr krtl eqek mui¼²l;& ker j;p;enr ¤ø;enr
k;re,E. A$;\ itin &;el; kerE j;netn. ey k;re, itin
j;p;en mOtu*br, kret\ iá/; p[k;x kernin AE k;re, eyà itin
j;p;inedr a;itÍkxi¼²$;ek &;el;ebesizeln. a;r Aki$
k;re, kOt+ izeln a;jIbn eyà Â;/In m;tO&uimr ey ÂPn
ede%izeln t•,k;el t; pUr, kerizl j;p;nE. &;rt\ a;jek
t; akuþice¼ ÂIk;r krez. Ar sbeceY b‹ p[m;, 15 a;gê b;
p[j;tN] idbs j;p;en &;rtIY dUt;b;s p;ln ker n;à eknn;
AE iden j;p;n im]xi¼² p[/;n a;emirk;r k;ez a;tÍsmpR,
kerizl aqR;_ pr;jY br, kerizl. j;p;enr jn* A$; du"e%r
idn. puer;en; \ prIi=t bN/u heY &;rt a;nNd ker ik&;eb
? aenek men kern r;jp[;s;edr p;ex &;rtIY dUt;b;esr a&;bnIY
mUl*b;n j;Yg;i$ &;rt epeYez ibc;rpit r;/;iben;d p;elr
p[it j;p;enr kOt+t;r ¤ph;r iheseb ibn;mUel*. ibc;rpit p;l
tq;kiqt e$;ik\ $[;Ebu*n;lek aÂIk;r Ab' Úibijetr ibjYÛ bel
¤ph;s kerezn fel ai&yu¼² yuÊ;pr;/I 28 jn t;-r dOiêet
b; ibc;er ined;RW ibebict heYizeln. Ar sudUr p[s;rI fl
ey$; heYez es$; hlà j;p;in n*;xn;ilí$edr ºSkkþ
itin punr;Y a;d[ j;tIYt;eb;e/ is¼² kereznà punbR;r yuÊib/ÃSt
abSh; eqek ¤e# d;-‹;et apirsIm anuep[r,; \ s;hs juigeYezn
ytb;r j;p;n Aesezn mOtu* pyRNt. t;-r i&µmt;blMbI r;Yi$
b*;pk&;eb ibXbb*;pI zi‹eY p‹;et $[;Ebu*n;elr a;eY;jk
ejn;erl @gl;s m*;k a;qR;r pyRNt
ek-ep ¤e#izelnà a;emirk;Y
ifer igeY k'eg[esr s&;Y e$;ik\ $[;Ebu*n;l izl &ul
bel ÂIk;r kret b;/* heYizeln. bl; eyet p;er ey j;p;nek r=;r
jn*E eyn ibc;rpit p;elr a;ib&R;b `e$izl. ey k;re, bŸ
sectn j;p;in ibXb;s kern ey ibc;rpit r;/;iben;d p;l
j;p;inedr ÚEen;ic en; \nijnÛ b; j;p;inedr ÚjIbnd;t;Û.
e$;ik\
imil$;ir $[;Ebu*n;l izl ibc;rpit r;/;iben;d p;elr jIben Aki$
ibr;$ suey;g. AE suey;g itin puer;m;];Y sá*bh;r kerizeln
eymn
AkÙ j;p;nek s;m[;j*b;dI bel im]xi¼² bOi$xà \lNd;jà
fr;sIà eSpEnà ptURgIj ey izl t; mu¼²keþ ibXbb;sIek
j;ineY ideYezn.
duEÙ ey k;re, AixY;Y g,ht*;r jn* j;p;nek n;_isr se^ tuln;
kerez im]xi¼² AkE k;re, iher;ixm; n;g;s;iket a;,ibk
eb;m; ine=p ker l= l= inr;pr;/ m;nuWek ht*; kr;r jn*
a;emirk;r\ ibc;r d;bI kerezn itin.
itnÙ yuÊ;pr;/Iedr ibc;r kr;r jn* ey%;en ek;en;
a;NtjR;itk a;En izl n; im]xi¼² inejr; a;En wtir ker j;p;in
yuÊ;pr;/Iedr ibc;r kerez t; izl sMpU,R awb/ Ab' p[hsn bel
mNtb* kerezn. t;-r AE suiciNtt r;eYr k;re,E yuÊ;pr;/Iedr
jn* a;NtjR;itk a;En p[,Yen j;its'` per ¤ed*;g g[h, kerizl.
a;j esE a;EnE a;Ntj;Ritk yuÊ;pr;/ a;Eenr mUl i&i¼.
c;rÙ j;p;n b;'l; &;retr i]m;i]k sMpekRr mUl i&t$;ek
ntun ker xi¼²x;lI Ab' sudurp[s;rI kerizeln itin. y;r
fl;flE klk;t;Y sd* p[itiët Ú&;rtúj;p;n s'¦Oit ekNd[Ûúúy;r
j;-kjmkpU,R ¤eá;/n kerezn 2007 s;el t_k;lIn j;p;nI p[/;nmN]I
ikix en;busuekr n;it. AE sfr izl t;-r Aki$ ±ith;isk sfrúúibc;rpit
p;elr pu] p[x;Nt p;elr se^à ent;ijr a;tÍIY; kO‚; bsur
se^ s;=;_ kern. idöIr s'sed akuþ ice¼ kOt+t; p[k;x kern
e$;ik\ $[;Ebu*n;el ibc;rpit p;elr p[d¼ ±ith;isk r;eYr jn*.
ex;n;
y;eCz ikzuidn pUebR ibc;rpit @" p;elr kitpY j;p;in
&¼² kuiêY; sfr kerezn t;-r jNmSh;en Aki$ SmOitflk
inmR;enr pirkLpn;Y. ibc;rpit p;l Ab' t;-r `inë bN/u ibixê
ix=;ibdà mO_ixLpI Ab' myR;d;sMpµ s'Sh; ÚehEeb;nx;
p;bilx;rÛ Ar p[itë;t; ixem;n;k; EY;subuer;úúdujenr Akinë
ixW* el%k gebWk sMp[it p[Y;t t;n;k; m;s;a;ik t;-edr mUl*b;n
SmOit r=;eqR 1974 s;el Úixem;n;k; p;l emem;irY;l f;¤eçxnÛ
j;du`r p[itë;r ¤ed*;g inel per ixem;n;k; f;¤eçxn esi$
Sh;pn ker k;n;g;\Y; ejl;r nYn;i&r;m h;ek;en; xherr Ak
p;h;e‹.
p[Xn
heCzà j;p;inr;E º/u kreb a;mr; kI ikzuE kret p;irn; AE
mh;n b;°;il b*i¼²r SmOitr sMn;n;eqR piXcmbe^ ik'b;
b;'l;edex?
j;p;n p[b;sI el%k gebWk
smSt
zibE el%ekr esojen* p[;Ë
el%ekr
e-mail : probirbikashsarkar@gmail.com
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