|
su&;W
eb;s Ak;e@mIà j;p;n Ab' an*;n* pÓs^
m;s;\ h;Y;ix A%n 92. yuäpUbR Akjn
j;tIYt;b;dI kmRIà &;rtIY Sb;/Int; yueä a'xgÓh,k;rI
ey;ä; Ab' yueär pr ent;jIr ict;&eSmr s'r=kà s'g#k.
btRm;en b;/Rk*jint k;re, asuSh Ab' Smr,xi¼²r idek yeqê
dubRl. b;s krezn e$;ikeY;r adUer k;\Y;s;ik xher. j;p;en
pÓitiëtà supirict su&;W eb;s Ak;e@mIrÛr kmRsicb (ese½$;rI).
17.09.02
t;ire% dupuer e$ilef;en kq; hl t;-r s;eq. Akr;x e=;& \
¤:m; Zer p‹l t;r kiMpt kN# eqek. %ub ¤e¼ijt
heY a;ezn t; buZet b;kI rEln;. y%n j;net c;El;m ikzu heYez
ikn;Þ bleln" a;b;r gt k;lek ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ prI=;
kr;r jn* Aki$ dl Aesez. t;edr s;eq sk;l dx$; pyRNt
kq;bt;R hl ernek;ij miNderú t;rpr t;r; cel egeln &;rtIY
dUt;b;esr idek. a;im b;s;y ifer Al;m. ek entOtB ideCzn j;net
c;El;m. bll;m" n;m$; et; men kret p;rizn;. teb b;^;lI
bel men hln;. A%n E'erjI buiZn; blet\ p;irn;. sb &uel
y;iCz a;jk;l. xrIr$;\ &;el; enE. a;r kq; n; b;i‹eY du/Aki$
kq; j;net eceY anumit inl;m.
btRm;en Ak;e@mIet ktjn sds* a;ezn?
úpÓ;Y 60 jn. teb ai/k;'xE bYSk Ab' x;rIirk k;re, Ar;
inYimt ey;g;ey;g kret p;rezn n;.
A%n s&;pit iheseb ek a;ezn?
ún;à s&;pit keYk bzr a;eg SbgRb;sI heyezn.
im. k;t;kur;. itin izeln tOtIY s&;pit. A%n Akm;] a;im
kmRsicb iheseb s'g#ni$ c;ileY y;iCz. a;r bzr bzr ent;jIÛr
jNm \ mOtu* b;iWRkI p;ln krizà yt%;in p;riz. A%;en j;p;n b;
&;rt srk;r ek¤ shey;gIt; krezn;.
a;pn;r et; bYs heYez aenk. a;r ktidn
A&;eb sÅb heb a;pn;r pe= s'g#enr k;j c;ileY y;\Y;?
ún;à a;r et; sÅb heCzn;. ek¤ d;iYtB eneb
Amn d;iYtBxIl k;¤ek p;iCzn;. j;p;nIedr A%n Asb ibWeY ek;n
a;gÓh enE. p÷;ex;/R y;edr bYs t;r; et; j;enEn; yuäpUbR
ek;n Eith;sÞ
Ab;r\ yid ent;jIr ict;&SÎ &;ret ifireY
enY; n; hY t;hel ik krebn ?
úm;] et; Ar; prI=; kret Ael;. prI=; kreb t;rpr
&;ret ifer y;eb. es%;en irep;$R edeb. es aenk edrI fl;fl
epet. an*;n*b;err met; Ab;r\ pÓ;,;Ntkr a;ebdn j;ineYiz
ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ ineY igeY xÓä;r s;eq sm;iht kret
t-;r jNm&Uimet. yid Ab;r\ a;m;r a;ebdn gOhIt n; hY
icrter a;x; b;d idet heb. a;im j;inn; a;m;r per ekb; k;r;
Ak;e@mI c;ileY ineY y;ebn Ab' ent;jIr ict;&SÎek b; k;r;
ed%;ex;n; krebn.
ent;jI et; A%n SbgRb;sI Ab' inidRê ek;n
pirb;err sNt;n itin a;r nn. itin A%n j;tIY ent; Ab' pÓ;t"SÎr,IY
b*i¼²tB. t-;ek srk;r ifireY enY;r jn* ecê; krez esE 40
bzerr\ ebix smY /er. t-;r a;tÎIYSbjnà gebWkà j;tIY
pyR;eyr ebx keYkjn ent;à r;êÓpità pÓ/;nmN]I j;p;en Aes
ent;jIÛr e%-;j%br ineYeznà ernek;ij miNder igeY xÓä;
j;ineYezn. Ak;i/kb;r
pÓtI+; kerezn t-;r ict;&SÎ &;ret ineY y;b;r b*bSh;
krebn. ikN\ ek¤E kq; r;%ezn n;. Ar pÓkOt k;r, ik ?
úsrk;r A ibWeY a;Ntirk bel a;m;r ibXb;s Ab'
yq;s;/* ecê; krez. mUlt" gld
b-;i/eYezn ent;jIÛr
pirb;err el;kjn. t-;r b‹d;à b‹d;Ûr ezel Ab' n;itr;.
t;r; A%en; ibXb;s krezn ent;jI jIibt a;ezn. itin t;Eeh;kuÛr
m;_suEY;m; ibm;nbNder ibm;n du`R$n;Y m;r; y;nin. aenk &;rtIYedr
ibXb;s ent;jI ek;q;\ ek;n p;h;e‹ b; an* ek;n edex eb-ec
a;ezn. p]pi]k;‡el;\ et; AE ibXb;sek bzerr pr bzr jIEeY
r;%ez. kt gebW,;à prI=;úinrI=; hl ikNtu ent;jIÛr sä;n ek¤
epeln n;. a;r ent;jI eb-ec q;kel t-;r bYs A%n kt? ent;jIÛr
&;rtbWR ik Sb;/In hYin ? t;hel a;r pl;tk q;k;r kI k;r,
q;ket p;er? t;hel a;mr; y;r; t-;r `inë izl;m Ab' y;r; t-;rE
shey;gI;
y-;r; \E du`R$n;r smY AkE ibm;en izelnà a;ht heYizelnà AkE
h;sp;t;el icik_s;/In izeln t-;r; ik imq*uk ?
A-edr ¤piShit Ab' s;=* mng‹; ? y;r; yui¼³ m;enn t;r;
ibXb;s kern ey ent;jI sit*E ibm;n du`R$n;Y mOt*ubr, kerezn.
mOt*ur pr t-;r ict;&SÎ e$;ikeY;et ineY Aes ernek;ij eboä
miNder syet« s'r=, kr; heYez. esE 1945 s;el. ibedxIr;\ et;
ibXb;s krezn ent;jIÛr mOt*uek. Amn ik t-;r emeY aint; pyRNtÞ
itin inej\ Akb;r pÓ/;n mN]I ENdr ‡jr;l prr;êÓ mN]I pÓ,b
mue%;p;/*;Yek ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ &;ret ifireY ineY
sm;iht kr;r jn* a;ebdn j;ineYezn. ikNtu t;r; Aet g; kernin
em;e$E. A\ beleznà yid &;rt srk;r k;yRt" ent;jIÛr
ict;&SÎ &;ret inet aSbIk;r ker t;hel itin t; iney
igeY j;mR;en sm;iht ker Aki$ SÎOitStÅ inmR;, krebn.
y;eh;kà A pyRNt t-;r s;eq bl;r pr a;r ibr¼² kret c;Ein.
bStut" AEsb kq; ntun ikzu nY. aenk gÓNhà inbN/úpÓbeN/
Asb kq; el%; heYez. j;p;nIr; b;r b;r ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ
&;ret ifireY idet eceYeznà A%en; c;eCzn. ikN\ b;^;lI \
srk;err
gi‹mixr k;re, t; sÅb heCz n;.
puren; tq* eqek j;n; y;eCz eyà yueär per
ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ j;p;en s'r=e,r ibWeY ebx l‹;E kret
heYez ent;jIÛr s;eq s'ixê b*i¼²edrek. ibexW ker ibjYI
m;ikRnI esn;r; dÓ³t e$;ikeY;sh s;r; j;p;en zi‹eY p‹izl.
/rp;k‹ krizl ent;à r;jnIitibdà buiäjIibà s;mirk b;ihnI
Ab' srk;rI kmRktR;edr. a;nibk eb;m;r a;`;et cU,RibcU,R
iher;ixm;à n;g;s;ikÛr a;tRn;dà h;h;k;er a;k;x b;t;s pÓkiMpt.
eb;m;Y sMpU,R&;eb ib/BSt r;j/;nI e$;ikeY;. a&;bà
an$nà =u/;à d;irdÓà ebk;retBr k;re, crm&;eb ibpyRSt
j;p;n. esE piriShitr me/* a;emirk;n esn;edr &eY ek;n
miNdr r;jI hYin ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ gÓh, kret. Akm;]
akuet;&Y Ab' ent;jIÛr pÓit xÓä;xIl ± ernek;ij eboä
miNderr pÓ/;n puer;iht EY;suix em;icjuik AigeY Aes belizeln
" ÚÚ&;rtIY Sb;/Int;r s'gÓ;mI mh;pu•eWr ict;&SÎ
sur=; kreb; s;bRjnIn m;nbt;b;edr dOiêek;, eqek. yid ek;n\
smY piriShit pirbitRt \ anukUl hY teb a;im AE pib] &SÎ
&;ret ep-oez idet ECzuk.ÛÛ
puer;iht em;icjuicek a;imR $Ó;Ebun;l tdNt
kimxn keYkb;r ent;jI sMpekR ij+;s;b;edr jn* e@ek p;i#eYizl.
ikNtu itin em;e$E ibcilt hnin. egÓPt;err a;xé;ek ¤ep=;
ker itin miNder ent;jIr ict;&SÎ s'r=, kerizeln. t-;r
mOt*ur pr miNderr puer;iht hn t-;rE pu] ikeY;eYE em;icjuik.
itin\ ipt;r pd;é anusr, ker ent;jIÛr ict;&eSÎr t¼B;b/;n
krezn. inYimt pUj;úacRn; ker y;eCzn. pÓit bzr ent;jIÛr
jNm \ mOtu* idbesr idn s;/;re,r jn* miNderr mUl ¤p;sn;lY ¤Nmu¼²
ker edY; hY. ey%;en @;np;ex ait yet«r s;eq j;p;nI ±ith*;nus;er
Aki$ p;e]r me/* ict;&SÎ ri=t a;ez. ent;jIÛr pÓbI,
&¼²r;sh j;p;n pÓb;sI &;rtIY n;girkbONd Ab'
dUt;b;esr kmRktR;r; smebt hn xÓä; +;pn kret. ai/k;'xE bYes
pÓbI, y-;edr bYs 65 eqek 90 ait½;Nt. aep=;kOt t•,
j;p;nIedr ¤piShit enE blelE cel.
bzr dexk a;eg\ &;rtIYr; ebx a;setn. ibexW ker p;¢;bI
ix%r;. b;^;lI %ubE km Aeseznà A%en; y;r; a;esn h;et eg;n;.
¤eö%* eyà gt 30 bzr /er e$;ikeY;et b;'l;edexr dUt;b;s
reYez. +;t q;k; setB\ ek;n b;'l;edxI r;êÓdUt b; kmRktR;
ent;jIÛr SÎr,s&;Y Úekotuhl bxtÛ\ ek;nidn ¤piSht
hnin. aqc Ar; e$;ikeY;et q;k;k;iln smeY ibi&µ s&;
anuë;en ent;jIÛ n;em km ÚbkbkÛ kernn;. pÓit bzrE ¤piShitedr
s'%*; kem a;sez bel j;n; egl. AE bzrE Ø2002Ù n;ik pÓt*;x*;r\
ai/k el;k Aesezn bel ent;jI &¼² p÷;ex;/R j;p;n
ikeY;ed; in¤j s'Sh;r s;'b;idk t;ekjuim b;n j;n;eln. im.
t;ekjuim keYk bzr a;eg ent;jIr 50 tm mOt*u b;iWRkI ¤ple= su&;W
cNdÓ Ak;e@mIr shy;igt;Y tq* s'gÓh ker j;p;nI \ E'erjI
&;W;Y EN$;rene$ Aki$ \eY&s;E$ c;lu kerezn.
an*;n* b;err mtn A bzr\ ag;í$ m;esr 18 t;ir%
ribb;r e$;ikeY;Sh suign;im \Y;e@Rr ihg;ix ek;eYnij eí$xn
s'lg« ernek;ij eboä miNder ent;jIÛr 57tm mOt*u idbs ¤ple=
Ak puj; \ SÎr,&;r a;eY;jn kerizl Ak;e@mI. dupur 1$;
eqek anuiët pUj;nuë;en pÓ;Y 60/70
jn j;p;nIúibedxI ent;jI &e¼²r sm;ebx `e$. anu/BR 4/5
z;‹; skelE izeln p÷;x;/R \ pÓbI,. aenekE miNderr is-i‹
s'lg« Sh;en Sh;ipt ent;jIÛr a;b= mUitRr s;men d-;i‹eY
zib tuelezn. AE mUitRi$ ent;jIÛr 45tm mOtu* b;iWRkIr smY
Ak;e@mI Sh;pn kerez. miNderr idBtel mUl ¤p;sn; gOehr f$k
%uel
idel per a;gt aitiqr; a;sn gÓh, kern. s;men ¤pibê hn pÓ/;n
puer;iht. a;/`N$; /er puer;iht mN] p;# kr;r pr j;n;eln skel
s;irbä&;eb xÓä; j;n;et. ¤piSht skel b;m idk eqek
Aekr pr Ak ai/iët edbt; bueär cre, /Uepr ‡-e‹; kp;el
z-uEeY jBlNt p;e] ere% @;n p;ex ri=t ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎek
pÓ,;m j;ineY punr;Y a;sn gÓh, kern. a;gt aitiqedr me/*
&;rtIY r;êÓdUetr pirbetR k;¤eNsl;r xÓI remx cNdr ¤piSht
izeln. pUj; exeW Aktl;r s&;ke= dUr dUr;Nt eqek a;gt
ent;jI &¼²edr Ak SÎOit tpR, anuiët hY. ent;jIr s;eq
sr;sir s'ixê izeln t;edr me/* itn/c;r jn ent;jIÛr SÎOit
c;r, kreln. Aedr me/* Akjn izeln EeMpirY;l esn;b;ihnIr
t_k;lIn k*;eP$n fuij. itin a;ebg qrqr keN# a;j;d ihNd efoejÛr
(INA) Úkdm kdm b;rh;eY y;Û dlIY
s^Iti$ egeY ex;n;n. pÓ;Y 50 bzr a;eg ex%;
g;ni$ A%en; itin in&Rul &;eb g;Eet p;ern.
1940 s;elr idek iyin &;rtIY Sb;/Int; yueä
a'xgÓh, kerizelnà ent;jIr s'SpexR Aesizeln esE m;s;\
h;Y;ix axÓ³ bWR, ker aenk SÎOitmY kq; bleln. ent;jIÛek
At k;z eqek ede%ezn A%en; t-;r k;ez men hY AE esidenr `$n;.
ent;jIÛr b*i¼²tBà entOtBà edxepÓm Ab' em/;r s;eq tuln;
kr;r mtn ek;n j;p;nI s;mirk aifs;r t%n izeln n;à j;n;eln.
ÚÚA rkm pÓtI+;bä edxm;tOk;esbI mui¼²ey;ä; a;r AixY;Y
jNm eneb ikn; j;inn;. a;m;r eso&;g* ey Amn Akjn akuet;&Y
bIr pu•eWr s;iµ/* epeYizl;m. a;im A%en; c;E ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ
t-;r Sb;/In Sbedx &Uimet ineY y;\Y; eh;k. a;r ktk;l itin
A&;eb pÓb;es eqek kê p;ebn. t-;r a;tÎ; AE j;p;enE
a;ez. t-;ek Ab;r ssMm;en Sbedex ifireY innÛÛú bel ¤piSht
&;trb;sIr k;ez a;ebdn j;n;n.
&;rtIY dUt;b;esr pÓitini/ im.
remx cNdr im. h;y;ixr b¼²eb*r
/;er k;ez n; igeY ent;jIr &¼² \ Ak;e@mIr kmRktR;edrek
AE SÎr,s&; a;eY;jn kr;r jn* kOt+t; +;pn kreln. teb
a;ebegr t;‹n;Y itin\ axÓ²is¼² heYezn. t;rpr SÎr,s&;
cl;k;lIn abSh;Y ibd;Y ineln. AE s&;Y pÓitb;err mtn Ab;r\
Aesizeln t_k;lIn jnesibk; xÓImtI ikkuek; Aem;irÛr 60 ait½;Nt
kn*;. a;l;pk;el j;n;eln" ÚÚm;eYr drd izl Úm;eYr eceY
m;sIr drdÛ eymn etmn. inejr ezelemeYedr mue%r %;b;r$uku
pyRNt ibedxI z;]edr mue% tuel idetn.ÛÛ ¤eö%* eyà Aem;ir
t_k;lIn AixY;r edx‡el; eqek j;p;enr imil$;rI k*;e@$ kelj‡el;et
a/*Ynrt pÓ;Y 300 z;e]r esb;ºxÓÌW;r d;Yd;iYtB k-;e/ tuel
ineYizeln. Aedr me/* ebx ikzu &;rtIY z;]\ izeln y;r;
ent;jIÛr dB;r; Sb;/Int;r meN] ¤ÕIibt heYizeln. t;edr k;ez
Aem;ir izeln ipÓY m;sI. itin j;p;en ent;jIÛr abSh;nk;el
t-;r\ esb; kerezn.
s&;r Ak pyR;eY p;ex bs; su&;W eb;s Ak;e@mIr
º&;k;×I im. t;ekjuim
b;nek ije+s krl;m"
ebx et; el;kjn Aesez. im.
h;Y;ix Ab;r t•, k;¤ek Ak;e@mIr d;iYtB idel p;ern.
ú a;im gt dx bzr /er t-;r s;iµe/*
a;iz. aenk&;eb anuer;/ keriz Ak;e@mIr &ibW*_ ineY
icNt; kr;r jn*. a;m;r\ EeCz a;ez k;j kr;r. &;rtIY srk;r
%ub shej ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ &;ret ineY y;ebn A$; a;r
ibXb;sey;g* nY. aenekEet; Aeln e$;ikeY;et gt 50 bzr /er. pÓqm
r;êÓpit r;ejNdÓpÓs;dà t;rpr pÓ/;n mN]I j\hr l;l eneh•à
t;r kn*; EiNdr;
g;N/Iß ent;jIÛr ˜;tu:pu] ixixr bsuà aimYn;q bsu a;r\ kt
ib%*;t b*i¼²Þ j;tIY ent;r; b;r b;r pÓitxÓ³it edY; setB\
a;j pyRNt t;edr kq; r;e%nin. ent;jI sit*E m;r; igeYezn ikn;à
A$; t-;rE ict;&SÎ ikn; b; ekn t-;r AE rhs*jnk aNtR/;n
Et*;id ibWeY prI=; kr;r jn* pÓqm srk;rI tdNtk;rI dli$ a;es
1956 s;el esi$ ent;jIÛr shey;gI a;E An Aúr s;ebk ejn;erl
x;hn;\Y;j kimxn. itin anusBN/;n ker &;ret ifer igeY
irep;$R idelnà ey ent;jI t;Eeh;kuÛr adUer ibm;n du`R$n;Y
m;r; egezn. aE delr itn sdes*r me/* ent;jIÛr b‹ &;E
suerx cNdÓ bsu\ izeln. itinE ebek- bseln Ab' SbIk;r kret
c;Eelnn; eyà A$; ent;jIÛr ict;&SÎ. esE eqekE btRm;n
sms*;r sU]p;t. y; pÓ;Y 50 bzr /er clez.
h-*;à esE kq;E itin t-;r SÎOitkq;Y ile%ezn.
ile%eznà ernek;ij miNder ent;jIr ict;&eSÎr s;men k;µ;Y
e&e^ pe‹izeln. ex;ek At muh*m;n heY pe‹izeln ey ¤e#
d-;‹;et p;rizelnn;. w$;ikeY; eqek efr;r smY h;end;
AY;rep;e$R y%n im. h;Y;ix
t-;edr ibd;Y j;n;et Ak s;eq egelnà t%n h$;_ ker suerx bsu
bel bseln eyà ent;jI mernin. Ae kq; ºen x;hn;\Y;j \ s^Iúsds*
m;ilk t;ek a;XbSt kr;r ¤ed*;g ineln ikNtu ek;n k;j hln; ede%
e½;/;inBt heln. Ak;i/kb;r bleln ey ent;jI merninÞ Aet
ibiSmt heYizeln im. h;Y;ix \ an*;n;r;. Ar a;eg 1955 s;el
ent;jIr ˜tu>pu] aimyn;q bsu j;p;en Aesizeln. itin anuer;/
kreln ey ek;lk;t;Y ent;jIÛr Aki$ SÎOitx;l; ge‹et;l;r pÓStuit
clez. j;p;en\ ent;jI sMpikRt Aki$ Ak;e@mI pÓitë; kr; eh;k.
klk;t;Y ifer igeY itin Ak;i/kb;r ici#\ ele%n j;p;en. t;r
anuer;e/E 1958 s;el su&;W eb;s Ak;e@mI pÓitiët hY
ernek;ij miNderr pÓ/;n puer;ihtsh ent;jIÛr shey;gI j;p;nI
pÓ;¼²n esn; aifs;r Ab' &¼²edr eyoq pÓecê;Y. x;hn;\Y;j
%;enr irep;$R y%n srk;r gÓh, krln; t%n Ak;e@mI eqek a;b;r
a;ebdn j;n;en; hl. Arpr srk;r e%;xl; kimxn p;#;eln. e%;xl;r
s;eq ent;jI pÓitiët
fer;\Y;@R bekÛr anl pÓs;d c½btRIR \ sunIl ‡Pt izeln.
im.
e%;xl;\ pUbbtIR x;hn;\Y;j %;enr irep;$RE bj;YE r;%eln. fel
es$;\ gÓh,ey;g* hln; ek;n Ak rhs*mY k;re,. im.
h;Y;ix Ak;i/kb;r &;rt egeln
sr;sir epÓise@eN$r s;eq s;=;_ kreln. a;Xb;s idelnà pÓtI+;
kreln Ab;r ent;jIek Sbedex ifireY enebn.
ikNtu pÓtI+; r=; krelnn;. =mt;r bdl `e$. ntun entOtB a;es
k;ejr k;j ikzuE hYn;. exWb;r 1984 s;el igeYizeln im.
h;Y;ix. t;\ ibfl heYez.
Arpr\ anusN/;nI dl Aesez. ent;jIr a;erk
˜;tu:pu] ixixr bsu\ sS]Ik Aesizeln. ernek;ijet xÓä; +;pn
ker egezn. mj;r b*;p;r heCz AE pirb;err skelrE ibXb;s"
ent;jI mernin. itin ek;q;\ eb-ec a;ezn. t;hel a;r miNder
igeY xÓä; j;n;en; ekn ?
im.
b;nek a;b;r bll;m" a;pin et; dI`Ridn /er ernek;ijr s;eq
ji‹t. a;pn;r ik /;r,; ent;jI sit*E t;E\Y;en
m;r; egezn ?
úa;m;r\ ibXb;s itin ibm;n du`R$n;Y mOt*ubr,
kerezn. s'ixê im.
h;Y;ixà enegix t;d;em;et;;
pÓt*= s;=I ke,Rl h;ibbur rhm;nà @;¼²;r eY;ixim pÓmu%edr
kq; ik imeq* heb ?
Ar ebix A ibWeY im.
b;enr s;eq kq; hYin. t;r
yui¼²\ efel edb;r mtn nY. yid ent;jI sit*E m;r n; y;ebn
t;hel ernek;ijr ± ict;&SÎ k;r ? eknEb; t-;r; gt 57 bzr
/er Ar t¼Bb/;n krezn ? inXcYE A%;en ek;n ‡Pt rhs* a;ez.
t;hel ent;jI m;r; y;ninú m;r; y;b;r &;n
kerezn bel /er inE t;hel y;r; belezn ey r;ixY;et t-;ek 1946
s;el ed%; egezà eymn fer;\Y;@R bk p;i$Rr s;/;r, sMp;dk pÓY;t
ic¼ bsuà @šr pUrbI r;Y pÓmu% t;edr kq;E sit* heY
d-;‹;Y. aenekr &;W* ent;jI s;EebirY; heY meSk;
ep-oezizeln r;ixY;r s;h;ey* exWb;err mtn m;tO&Uimr Sb;/Int;
ajRn kr; y;Y ikn; ecê; ker ed%etÞ peq ek;n du`R$n; `e$in.
es%;en 1946 s;el jun m;s pyRNt ekijib kmRktR;à kitpY &;rt
ibexW+ el;kjn t-;ek ede%ezn bel j;n;eCzn. es;i&eYt r;ixY;
e&e^ y;b;r pr es%;nk;r p]pi]k;Y S©;Yuyueär smY luK;iYt
aenk tq* pÓk;ixt hY ent;jI sMpekR.
pÓx« heCz
" Û46 Ar pr ik r;ixY;nr; t;ek emer efleb ?
yid r;ixY;nr; t;ek emerE efel Ak$; %br\
heb n; ? Atb‹ Akjn b*i¼²tBà s;r; AixY; Ab' eY;er;ep
iyin d;pe$r s;eq k;i$eYezn t-;ek r;ixY; emer hjm ker efleb
At shejÞ sMpÓit fer;\Y;@R b®ekÛr ejn;erl ese½$;rI aex;k
e`;W Ak a;elikt Ei^t ideYezn Ak s;=;_k;er. es%;en itin
belezn " 1946 s;el i#k yueär prprE y%n &;retr =mt;Y
aNtRbtIRk;lIn srk;r Ab' pi¹t eneh• &;bI pÓ/;n mN]I.
jwnk pÓ&;bx;lI ekijib aifs;r Øy;r n;m xÓI e`;W &uel
egeznÙ iyin eb;eÁ abSh;n krizeln eneh• ktORk a;Ÿt
heYizeln idöIet. eneh• Aki$ ici# ± ekijib AejeN$r m;/*em
r;ixY;r í$;lIenr k;ez p;#;n. @.
pUrbI r;Y ent;jIr ¤pr gebW,; kret igeY ± AejN$ ey etehr;n
heY meSk; ep-oezizl t;r pÓm;, epeYezn Er;enr Ak srk;rI
mh;efj%;n;et. t%n &;ret clez crm r;jwnitk s'k$. ibÓi$xr;
s;MpÓd;iYk d;^;h;^;m;r k;re, &;rtek &;g kret c;Eez.
t;r s;eq yu¼²
heYez ix% sms*;. b;mpNhIà s;m*b;dI Ab' sm;jtN]Ir; ibedÓ;h
krez ihNduúmuslm;nedr d;^;ek ekNdÓ ker ibÓi$xedr
W‹yeN]r ib•eä. &;rtbWR Aki$ ibeSf;rNmu%
a;eg«Yigiret –p;Ntirt heYizl es smY. AE r;jwnitk s'ke$r
smY eneh• inXcYE í$;lInek ºe&Cz; b;,I p;#;ebn n;
ekijibÛr AejN$ek b*bh;r kerÞ AE smY a;erki$ %br p;\Y; egl
ey yueär pr ent;jI di=,úpUbR AixY;r ‡Ptb;s eqek ebireY
m;ncuirY; heY es;i&eYt E¤inYen ep-oezizeln. k;ejE A%n
pÓx« heCz " ent;jIr meSk; y;]; a;r í$;lIenr k;ez
eneh•Ûr eg;pn ici# p;#;en;r me/* ek;n ey;gsU] a;ez ikn; ?
g&Ir rhs* `nI&UUt a;ez ÚÚa;$ilÛÛek ili%t eneh•r
Aki$ ici#et\. ebx keYk bzr a;eg e$;ikeY;et Ak s&; exeW
keyk dxk j;p;en bsb;s krezn Amn Akjn ek;lk;t;r ibdUWI mihl;
su&;W ceNdÓr kq; pÓse^ belizeln " ent;jI yid
&;rtbeWR ifer a;set p;retn t;hel eneh•ekE emer
efletnÞ A$;\ i#k ey mh;tÎ; g;N/Ià eneh• \ ent;jIÛr
me/* r;jwnitk erW;eriW izl. ent;jIÛr kn*; aint;Ûr /;r,;E
/;r ker blet hY eyà su&;W cNdÓ bsuú /urN/r g;N/Ià
eneh•à p*;e$là r;ejNdÓpÓs;d pÓmue%r ÚÚen;'r;
r;jnIitrÛÛ ixk;r. eknn;à t-;r; Spêt"E buZet
eperizeln eyà su&;W bsuek d;ibeY 
r;%; y;ebn;. Sb;/Int;r a;eNd;ln Ab' Sb;/Int;pÓ;iPtr pr
&;retr smSt r;jwnitk =mt; t-;r h;et cel y;eb. aqR;_ jel;
b;'l;Y blel AE d-;‹;Y eyà b;^;lIr em/; \ xi¼²r k;ez
eher n; y;\Y;r eg;pn s'kLp kerizeln ± ent;r;. pÓkOtpe=
" ent;jIr dxRnek pÓ;/;n* idel ihNduúmuslm;n áNdB bN/
kr; eyt Ab' b;'l; \ &;rt &;g;&;ig htn;. A-r; ey
i&ter i&ter x;sk ibÓi$exr ÚÚd;l;lÛÛ Ab'
ÚÚmusilmiber;/IÛÛ izl A$; pir:k;rú ek;n gebW,; kr;r
pÓeY;jn enE belE a;m;r ibXb;s. EMplúai&y;enr b*qRt;r
jn* k'egÓesr ¤d;sInt; ik km d;YI ? eneh• ek;nidn Aki$
xÝ ile%ezn ik t-;r ek;n el%;Y ent;jI sMpekR ? ú aint;r
ij+;s;Þ rbINdÓn;q i#kE icenizeln su&;W ik rt« ú t;E
smSt ikzu ibc;rúibebcn; ker t-;ek ÚÚedxn;YkÛÛ belizeln.
aqR;_ Spêt"E Ei^t kerizeln &;retr pirc;lk q;kel ±
esE a;ezÞ ikNtu m;nsbNdI &ibW*_ =mt;r áNdB a;r
ibÓi$xedr ½m;gt su&;Wiber;/I pÓp;g;¹;Y k'egÓs
ib˜;Nt izl ú a;r esE ib˜;iNtek ½mx" ji$l kerezn g;N/I
Ab' eneh•. ent;jIÛr ib•eä eneh•r ‡Pt k;rs;ijà
W‹yN] Ab' abehl; ineY\ gebWk pi¹tedr me/* km a;el;cn;
heCzn;. gebW,; krel bŸ tq* ebireY a;seb. j;p;nIr;\ ey AEsb
a;&*NtrI, dBNdB \ W‹yeN]r kq; &;el; ker j;ennn; t;
nY. a;j ik aSbIk;r kr;r ek;n ¤p;Y a;ezú ey ent;jIÛr
j;igeY et;l; `umNtà ineXctn &;rtIY j;tIYt;b;dE &;retr
Sb;/Int;ek tr;inBt kerinÞÞ rhs*;bOt aqb; mOt ent;jIÛr
aimtbl &;bmUitR &;rtx;sk ibÓi$xedr jn* a;r\ ebix
&eYr k;r, heY d-;i‹eYizlÞ
ent;jIr anmnIY &;bmUitR
"
j;p;nIedr
s;eq s'ilPt h\Y;r pr ent;jI pr;/In &;retr mui¼²d;t;
iheseb ey asIm s;hsI 
&Uimk; r;%et eperizelnà inejek dumR;rúdujRY Ak
xi¼²x;lI &;bmUitRet ¤µIt kret s=m heYizelnà Ar
epzen k;j kerez j;p;n pÓb;sI r;sibh;rI bsu epÓr,;. ibp®bI
r;sibh;rI bsu j;p;nI ejn;erl í$;f¿ aifesr b;/;ibpi¼à pÓ&;bx;lI
r;jwnitk ktR;b*i¼²edr iber;i/t; setB\ itin su&;W
bsuekE exW d;iYtB$uku apR, kret eceY t-;ek j;mR;n eqek
j;p;en a;hb;n kerizeln. eknn; b;/Rk*jint k;re, t-;r pe= k;j
c;ileY y;\Y; sÅb hiCzl n;. 1943 s;elr 4#; jul;E su&;W
bsur h;et Ei¹Y;n Eni@epne@Ns lIegr epÓise@N$xIp tuel edn
r;sibh;rI bsu. esEs;eq ineStj pÓ;Y a;j;d ihNd efoj
(INA) ek is^;puer pungRi#t kern
su&;W bsu. 5E jul;E is^;puer anuiët Ak sm;ebex su&;W
bsu ey &;W, edn &;rtIY esn;edr ¤eâex es%;enE pÓqm
itin sklek ¤áuä kern ÚÚidöI cel;ÛÛà
ÚÚidöI cel;ÛÛ mN]b;,Iet. ey mN] j;p;nI wsn*edr pyRNt
pÓ&;ibt kerizl. kiqt a;ezà AE smY r;sibh;rI bsuE su&;W
bsuek ÚÚent;jIÛÛ ai&/; ideYizeln. ¤eö%* eyà
pÓc¹ j;tIYt;b;dI r;sibh;rI bsuE is^;purà b;mR; \
m;leYixY;Y j;p;nI wsn*edr h;et /Ot &;rtIY wsn*edr ineY
ibp®bI b;ihnI g#n kerizeln Ab' pÓ/;n esn;pitr d;iYtB
ideYizeln j;p;nIedr dB;r; /Ot ibÓi$x esn; aifs;r em;hn
is'úAr ¤pr.
1915 s;el b‹ l;$ l@R h;i@R¢ek
eb;m;r a;`;et ht*; kr;r pÓecê; b*qR hel per m;q;Y mOt*ur
per;Y;n; ineY r;sibh;rI bsu p;ileY j;p;en a;xÓY gÓh,
kerizeln. j;p;en Aes t_k;lIn AkCz] pÓ&bx;lI j;tIYt;b;dI
 ent;
im_su• et;EY;m;Ûr shey;igt;Y &;rtIY Sb;/Int;
a;eNd;len inejek ibileY ideYizeln.
t-;ek aenekE s;mÓ;j*b;dI j;p;enr d;l;l bel sm;el;cn; ker
q;ekn. ikNtu A%en; t-;r \pr yeqê gebW, hYin. pÓb;es eqek
m;tO&Uimr Sb;/Int;r jn* s;mÓ;j*b;dI j;p;n;Iedrek &;rtIyedr
k;ez bN/utBpU,R ker et;l;r epzen sudI`R smY t;ek b*Y kret
heYez. ak®;Nt pirxÓm kret heYez. aenk t*;g itit=; SbIk;r
kret heYez idenr pr idn. es %br a;mr; kÛjnE b; j;inÞ
j;p;nsh AixY;r an*;n* a÷el bsb;srt pÓb;sI &;rtIYedr
s'gi#t kerezn itin bŸ k;#%‹ pui‹eYà `;m ZireY. dI`Ridn
e$;ikeY;sh ibi&µ Sh;en pl;tk jIbny;pn kr;r fel sUeyRr
a;el; ed%et p;ernin t-;r S]Ià ezelemeYr;. pÓb;es t-;r
&;sm;n ibp®bI jIbenr s;eq ainCz;setB\ ji‹eYizelnà
t•, jIbn ¤_sgR kerizeln S]I es;m; et;ixek;. aitir¼²
pirxÓmà ainXcYt;à pl;tk jIbenr m;nisk yN],;Y et;ixek; y=Î;er;eg
a;½;Nt hn Ab' m;] 30 bzr bYes mOt*ubr, kern. Arpr\ e&e^
pe‹nin r;sibh;rI bsu. sbRxi¼² iney;g kern su&;W
bsuek j;p;en a;miN]t ker a;n;r jn* Ab' sfl\ heYizeln. smgÓ
AixY;ek exBt;^edr krtl eqek mu¼² kret Akjn pÓ%r
buiäsMpµà yuän;Yksul& ent;r pÓeY;jen su&;W
bsuek inbR;cn \ d;iYtB apR, kr;r kU$wnitk kOittB Akm;] t-;rE pÓ;p*. r;sibh;rI bsu j;p;nIedr sMpekR ag;/
ai&+t; ajRn krel\ ent;jIr t; izl n;. ikNtu s;mÓ;j*
ibSt;er ¤nμ j;p;nI entObONdek ent;jI pÓ&;ibt kret
eperizeln. j;p;nIr; t-;ek b*bh;r kret eceYizeln ibi&µ&;eb
ikNtu b*qR heY ent;jIr inedRxekE pÓ;/;n* ideYizeln. esn;pit
\ pÓ/;nmN]I ihedik et;ej; pir:k;rE belizeln ent;jIr s;eq
a;l;pk;el eyà j;p;enr Sb;qR Ak$;Eà AixY; eqek eY;er;pIYedr
¤_%;t kr;. AixY; yid ¤ä;r kr; y;Y t;hel AixY;r edx‡el;ek
Sb;/Int; edY; heb. egÓ$ ek;pÓseperi$ SpIY;rà egÓ$ Eí$
AixY; k'egÓs pÓ&Oit seMÎlen  ey;gd;nk;rI AixY;r
t_k;lIn ent;edrek\ ent;jI esE&;eb eb;Z;et eperizeln.
j;p;nIedr \pr ibXb;s Sh;pn kr;et eperizeln. itin k%en;E
j;p;nIedr putuel pir,t hnin. yid\ ibÓi$xr; km pÓp;g;ç;
kerin ent;jI \ j;p;nek ineY. j;p;n pr;ijt h\Y; setB\ t-;ek
e$;ikeY;et a;hb;n kr; heYizl. EMflúai&y;n b*qR h\Y; Ab'
j;p;nIedr a;tÎsmpR, kr;r pr ent;jI &;retr Sb;/Int;r Sbp«
muez efelninà itin j;p;nek anuer;/ kerizeln r;ixY;ek &;retr
Sb;/Int;r b*;p;er n;i‹eY ed%et. pÓqem j;p;n AE pÓSt;b
gÓh, kerin per r;jI hY Ab' ejn;erl etr;¤ic 72-2
SALLY n;mk Aki$ eb;m;• ibm;n
p;#;Y ent;jIek e$;ikeY; ineY a;set. AE ibm;ni$et kerE ent;jI
1945 s;elr 18E a;gí$ %ub sk;el ke,Rl h;ibbur rhm;nsh i&eYtn;emr
s;Egn eqek t;E\Y;en Aes ep-oz;n bel ibi&µ teq* pÓk;x.
Øabx* ± ibm;en a;set p;ernin bel\ n;n; kq; ex;n; y;Y.
j;p;enr a;tÎsmpRe,r pr skl wsn* AixY;r ibi&µ a÷l eqek
dÓ³t Sbedx efr;r jn* b*St heY pe‹. etr;¤icr p;#;en;
¤¼² ibm;en an*;n* s;mirk aifs;rr; ce‹
e$;ikeY; cel a;esn. fel an* Aki$ m;l;m;l eb;Z;E =ud[ eb;m;•
ibm;en ker ent;jI an;n* s^Iedr ere% Akm;] ke,Rl h;ibbur
rhm;nek s;eq ineY e$;ikeY;r idek y;]; kern.Ù AkE iden dupur
2$; 30imine$ t;E\Y;enr m;_suEY;m; ibm;nbNdr eqek ibm;ni$
m;ncuirY;r ¤eâex y;]; ker. ibm;ni$ r;n\eY eqek a;k;exr
idek \#etE pÓk;ç xeÝ Ar @;nidekr Ei¢ni$ iz$ek ebireY y;Y
Ab' pÓqem @;n idek k;_ heY per s;menr idek %-;‹;&;eb
a;ze‹ pe‹. s;eq s;eq epen a;‡n /er y;Y. epe$Ó;l
$*;'k efe$ igeY epe$Ó;l pe‹ ent;jIr xrIer. tbu ent;jI
epzenr der;j;r idek edoe‹ y;n ebr heY eyet ikNtu der;j;r
k;ez aenk m;l;m;l q;k;Y esidek\ a;‡n elegez ede% s;menr
der;j;r idek eyet c;Eel t-;r g;eY a;‡n eleg y;Y. tq;ip
a;‡n jBlet jBlet ebireY pe‹n itin Ab' a+;n heY y;n. keYk
imine$r me/*E ent;jIsh an*;n*edrek t;E\Y;enr Shl b;ihnI
h;sp;t;elr di=, pq ideY j•rI ib&;eg ineY y;\Y; hY.
ent;jIr smSt xrIr jBel Zles igeY ef;Sk; pe‹ y;Y Ab' fuel
¤e#. aig«deg¯r pirm;, izl 3 i@gÓI. m;q;Y a;`;t l;g; =t
eqek r¼² ebr het q;ek. ib/BSt ibm;n eqek a;eg h;ibbur
rhm;n \ per ent;jI ebr hn. aep=;kOt km dÔ h\Y; h;ibebr +;n
izlà itin ent;jIr xrIerr a;‡n en&;et Ab' ep;x;k
e%;l;r ecê; ker b*qR hn. ke,Rl h;ibb xrIerr aenk;'x dÔ
abSh;Y AkE h;sp;t;el ent;jIr p;exr xy*;Y izeln. seN/*r pr
Akb;r ent;jIr +;n ifer. t%n itin mOdu gl;Y Úh;s;nÛ
Úh;s;nÛ bel a;tRSbr kern. h;ibb t-;ek beln Úa;im h;ibb.
h;s;n A%;en enE.Û AE h;s;n heln a;ibd h;s;n. ent;jI h;ibbek
inedRx kernà Ei¹Y; y;\. es%;en igeY jns;/;r,ek eb;Z;\ Ab'
edexr mui¼² s'gÓ;m ab*;ht r;e%;. a;m;r exW ai&pÓ;Y
&;rtbeWRr Sb;/Int;. a;im es a;x; ineY ibd;Y iniCz Ei¹Y;
mu¼² heb. jY ihNd¿Þ a;b;r +;n h;r;n ent;jI. t;rpr a;r
+;n ifer a;esin. j•rI i&i¼et icik_s;r ek;n ]³i$ kr;
hYin. r;] 11$;r per exW in"Xb;s t*;g kern ent;jI su&;W
cNdÓ bsu.
ent;jIÛr mOt*ur smY es%;en ¤piSht
izeln j;p;nI esn;b;ihnIr k*;eP$n @;¼²;r t;enEeY;ix
eY;iximà @;¼²;r su•t; Eixà ke,Rl h;ibbur rhm;nà anub;dk im.
n;k;mur;à duÛjn n;sRà duÛjn s;mirk aifs;r. icik_s;Y ey
skl \Wu/ b*bhÌt hY essb izl s*;l;Enà irnegl 500 isis Ee¢kxn
Ø3 b;r edY; hYÙ Ab' b*q;n;xk \Wu/. ent;jIr xrIr eqek 200
isis r¼² =YpÓ;Pt h\Y;Y 400 isis r¼² edY; hY. t;rper\
t-;ek b-;c;en; sÅb hYin. @;¼²;r eY;ixim Aki$ e@q¿
s;i$Rifek$\ pÓd;n kern. A%en; itin eb-ec a;ezn t;r jnÎSh;n
imY;j;ikúejl;Y. bYs kmpe= 90 et p;r heY egezE. j;p;enr
a;tÎsmpRe,r prprE h'ke° ibÓi$x Ene$ilejns¿ dPtr t-;r
Aki$ s;=;_k;r gÓh, kerà es%;en itin ent;jIr mOt*ur kq;E
beln. t_k;lIn &;rtIY Sb;/Int; s'gÓ;emr ent;à INAÛúr
esn;pit ent;jI su&;W cNdÓ bsur mu%;bYebr s;eq @;¼²;r
eY;iximr pircY n; q;k;r kq; nY.
ent;jIr mredh pÓqem is^;puer ineY y;\Y;r kq; nY. ikNtu
es%;en ibÓi$x im] b;ihnI Aes p‹eb e&eb e$;ikeY; ineY
a;n;r isä;Nt gÓh, kern shey;gIr;. ikNtu pÓc¹ gremr me/*
ent;jIr a/RdÔ mredh e$;ikeY; pyRNt bhn kr; kês;/* men ker
t;E\Y;enE 20ex a;gí$ ke,Rl h;ibbur rhm;nà im.
n;g;et;em; Ab' anub;dk im.
n;k;mur;r ¤piShitet d;h kr; hY. j;p;en bhn ker a;n; hY
ent;jI su&;W bsur ict;&SÎ \ t-;r /nsMpd.
ek;q;Y
egl ent;jIr rt«‡el; ?
ibm;n
ib/BSt h\Y;r s;eq s;eq ent;jI s;Epn eqek bhn ker a;n; ibpul
d;mI p;qrà Sb,R;lé;r Ab' hIr; jimenr \pr zi‹eY  izi$eY pe‹.
ibm;nbNderr p;XbbtIR Al;k; eqek Ak mihl; ibd*;leYr z;]Iedr
ep;x;k pireY c;ridn l;igeY AE rt«s;ij s'gÓh kr; hY. z;]Ir;
pÓqm duÛiden pÓc¹ gremr me/* ibr;mhIn kê sh* ker 6/7
h;j;r k*;r;$ p;qr s'gÓh kerà tOtIY iden 2 h;j;r Ab' exW
iden a;r\ 2 h;j;r k*;er$. em;$ 10 h;j;err\ ebix \jenr k*;er$
p;qr es;n;d;n; dui$ eker;isn etelr i$en &itR ker ent;jIr
ict;&eSÎr s;eq e$;ikeY;et ineY a;s; hY. A‡el; ineY
a;esn im.
s;k;Eà im.
n;k;mur;à im.
h;Y;ixd;. itnjnE t;E\Y;nSh ibixê j;p;nI s;mirk aifs;r.
A‡el; e$;ikeY; pyRNt ineY a;s; izl at*Nt kês;/* b*;p;r.
b;Yuà Shl \ jlpeqr m;/*em e$;ikeY; ep-oez t;r; ent;jIr edh&SÎ
\ rt«r;ij pÓqem j;p;nI s;mirk b;ihnIr pÓ/;n dPter jm;
edb;r jn* ineY a;esn. es%;nk;r pÓ/;n aifs;r im.
t;k;kur; es‡el; dPter jm; r;%;r eceY e$;ikeY;Sh &;rtIY
Sb;/Int; s'gÓ;m pirWedr pÓitini/ x;%;r pÓ/;n im.
r;m;mUitR \ im.
a;Y;rúAr k;ez hSt;Ntr kr;r jn* ¤pedx edn. im.
mUitR t_=,;_ ent;jIr ict;&SÎ e$;ikeY; suign;im \Y;e@Rr
ernek;ij miNder s'r=, kr;r b*bSh; kern. a;eY;jn kern
supirser yq;ey;g* myR;d;r s;eq ent;jIr xÓ;ä;nuë;n.
a;r rt«‡el; s;mirk dPterr prI=; inrI=;r pr 1951 s;l pyRNt
es‡el; t-;r inejr ehf;jet r;e%n. per idöIet ineY igeY pÓ/;n
mN]I j\hr l;l eneh•r h;et apR, kern. ikNtu an* Aki$ tq*
eqek j;n; y;Y eyà 1957 s;el Sb;/In &;retr pÓqm pÓ/;n
mN]I pi¹t eneh• j;p;n sfer Ael im.
r;m;mUitR \ im.
a;Y;r t-;r k;ez ± rt«sMpd‡el; hSt;Ntr kern. esidn izl
eseP$Ár m;esr 24 t;ir%. A%;en Aki$ pÓx« ¤ø;pn kr; y;Yà
ent;jI yid n;E m;r; y;ebn t;hel t-;r /nrt«‡el; e$;ikeY;
pyRNt y;Y ik&;eb ? a;r ik&;ebEb;
es‡el; &;rt srk;r gÓh, ker ?
/nsMpd sMpekR ibtkR "
pÓkOtpe= t;E\Y;n eqek ey pirm;, rt«r;ij
j;p;en bhn ker a;n; heYizl t;r eceY aenk km n;ik &;rt
srk;r gÓh, kerizl bel dI`Ridn duE edexr me/* ibtkR celizl.
A%;en &;rtIY ent;edr at*Nt =udÓ mnm;niskt;r pircY p;\Y;
y;Y. y;r; ent;jIr mOt*uek SbIk;r kern;à ekbl anusN/;n ker
eb‹;Yà ayq; ibtkR et;el t-;r sMpekR j;p;enr d;l;l belà
edYin t-;ek sudI`R k;l j;tIY bIerr SbIkOit ú t;r; ik&;eb
± /nsMpd‡el; gÓh, ker ? ibtkR tulet p;er ? ek;n¿
yui¼²et ? ent;jI yid s;/uúsn*;sI heY yueär pr a;j\ eb-ec
q;ekn Ab' &;retr m;i$etEà t;hel t-;r sMpd‡el; j;p;en
y;Y ik&;eb t;E\Y;n eqek Þ yueär pr et; j;p;n;er s;eq
ent;jIr a;r sMpkR q;k;r\ kq; nYÞ a;r keYki$ ibWY heCz
" ent;jIÛr mtn inelR;&à d;iYtB sectn b*i¼²tB sn*;sI
h\Y; setB\ At ibpul /nsMpedr e%-;j enebnn; b; &;rt srk;r
gÓh, kr;r pr s'b;d j;nebnn;à ejen ikzu blebnn; A$;
&;b; y;Y ik ? A‡el; et; t-;r b*i¼²gt sMpd izln; ú
Asb izl Sb;/Int;k;mI ent;jIr smqRk s;/;r, pÓb;sI &;rtIY
n;girkedr d;nÞ
AE ibWeY j;p;nI ktORpe=r &;W* izl
" a;m;ntkOt sMpd y; izl sbE im.
mUitRr k;ez hSt;Ntr kr; heYez ikNtu &;rtIY
pÓitini/ delr &;W* izl Ar ibprIet " t;E\Y;n eqek
a;int rt«sMpd‡el; izl \jen a;r\ &;rI Ab' dui$ etelr
i$en &itR. AE pÓitini/ delr me/* izeln ent;jIr t_k;lIn
s^I ke,Rl h;ibbur rhm;n. ikNtu mUitR beln itin y%n j;p;nI
s;mirk dPtr eqek A‡el; gÓh, kerizeln t%n t;ek dui$ etelr
i$n nY Aki$ qlI edY; heYizl. AE sMpd ineY duE edexr me/*
eymn heYez ibtkR etmin reYez anud`;i$t rhs*. &;rtIY
srk;r es‡el; ineY r;êÓpit &benr y;du`er s'r=, kerez
bel j;n; y;Y. y;r mUl* t_k;lIn smeY kmpe= 5à000à000 EeYn.
Aik km $;k;Þ ent;jIr @;ek pÓb;sI &;rtIYr; eymn r¼²
ideYezà etmin ideYez duE h;t ¤j;‹ ker aqRà Sb,Rà
hIr;à jhrt ktikÞ t;_su\ h;Y;ixd; rict Úihepik en; AEE¤à
cNdÓ; eb;¤s en; ex;¤g;EÛ n;mk gÓNh eqek j;n; y;Yà
t_k;el b;mR;r r;j/;nI er^uen bsb;sk;rI Akjn &;rtIY b*bs;YI
h;ibb s;ihb jimjm; ibi½ ker t;r $;k; Ab' rt«m;i,k* ibi½
ker sbRem;$ 13à000à000 •pI ent;jIek pÓd;n kerizeln.
t_k;el bihRibeXb &;rtIY b*bs;YIr; tuelizeln c-;d; iheseb
300à000 EeYn smpirm;, •pI. a;r\ Aki$ tq* eqek j;n; y;Yà
&;rtIY Sb;/Int; s'gÓ;emr smY ey pirm;, $;k; \ es;n;à
hIr;à d;mI p;qr c;d; iheseb et;l; heYizl t;r a'k rIitmet;
ibSÎYkrÞ pÓ;Y 1 ek;i$ •pIÞ
an*Ak tq* eqek j;n; y;Y ent;jI y%n s;Epn eqek
t;E\Y;enr idek y;]; kern t%n ibm;ni$ ez;$ q;k;Y itin a;r\
ikzu m;lp] s;eq bhn kret p;ernin. m;] dui$ s*u$eks s;eq enn.
A due$;r me/*E rt«‡el; izl bel /;r,; kr; hY. a;r\ dui$ s*u$eks
pÓb;sI srk;err kmRktR;edr k;ez s;epen reY y;Y. /;r,; kr;
heCz a;r\ ibpul pirm;, rt«sMpd di=,úpUbR AixY;r ek;q;\ a;j\
luK;iYt a;ez. y;r sN/;en &;rtIY srk;err anusN/;nk;rIr; bŸidn
`uerezn ikNtu sN/;n p;nin.
e$ilef;en im.b;nek
pÓx« kerizl;m. yid Ab;err aN/sN/;nk;rI
delr fl;fl gOhIt Ab' ent;jIr ict;&SÎ &;ret ifireY
enY; hY. t;hel su&;W cNdÓ Ak;e@mI ik mu% qube‹ pe‹
y;eb ?
úeyehtu ent;jIr ict;&SÎek s'r=, kr;r ¤eâex*
Ak;e@mI gi#t heYez esE ict;&SÎE yid &;ret ifer
y;Y t;hel Ak;e@mIr a;r ik k;j kr;r a;ez. bzer ent;jIr jNm \
mOt*uidbs p;ln
kr; z;‹; a;r ek;n t_prt; enE. a;r im.
h;Y;ix c;eCzn\ Ab;rE ict;&SÎ &;rt ifireY ink. itin
c;eCzn At bzr y%n ent;jIr ict;&SÎek s'r=, ker Aesezn
t-;r d;iYetBE eyn k;ji$ sMpµ hY. itin men kreznà t-;r
pirbetR a;r ek¤ enE ey ent;jIr ict;&SÎ &;ret
ifireY idet edndrb;r c;ileY y;eb. ey k;re, Ak;e@mIr mUl
kmRscIebr d;iYtB k;¤ek idet a;gÓhI nn. teb ºenizà
keYkbzr pUebR ent;jIr kn*; aint; aií$ÓY; eqek Aesizeln.
itin ipt;r ict;&SÎ ede% ibXb;s kerizeln. im.
h;Y;ixr s;eq p] ey;g;ey;g reYez aint;r. Amn\ het p;er exW
pyRNt injd;iYetB aint;ek ipt;r ict;&SÎ pÓd;n ker AE
n;$ekr sm;iPt $;nebn. aint;r pÓs^ AelE y%n Aki$ kq; blet hYà
ent;jI yid sn*;sI heY eb-ec q;ekn t;hel Akb;r\ ik t-;r EeCz
hYin k%en; aNttpe= a;tÎj;ek ed%;r ? t-;r S]I Aimil eseél
ek;q;Y a;eznà ik&;eb a;ezn j;n;r ? AE idk‡el; ik
m;nibk nYÞ sn*;sI et; m;nuWÞ
s;MpÓitkk;el
ent;jI "
s;MpÓitkk;el yuä prbtIR 50 bzr Ab' j;p;nú&;rt
kU$wnitk sMpekRr 50 bzr pUitR ¤ple= ent;jIek SÎr, krezn
j;p;en ek¤ ek¤. t;\ ibexW ikzu nY. AE et; egl 26 ex
eseP$Ár Ø2002Ù j;p;enr Aki$ j;tIYt;b;dI s'Sh; inèn k;Eig
ØNippon KaigiÙ
j;p;nú&;rt kU$wnitk sMpekRr 50 bzr pUitR ¤ple= Aki$ a;el;cn;
\ wnx pÓIite&;ejr a;eY;jn kerizl. AE anuë;enr inbR;hI
pirWed izeln pÓ;¼²n pÓ/;n mN]I ilb;erl e@em;e½i$k p;i$R
ØAli@ipÙúr ent; eY;ixer; em;irà t;er; a;es;à pÓ;¼²n
pÓitr=; mh;pirc;lk eh;esE en;er;t;à fuij_suÛr ecY;rm*;n
Aimer$;s t;kum; EY;m;em;et;à e$;ikeY; ibXbibd*;leYr
Aimer$;s pÓefsr ekEicer; ek;eb;irà &;ret pÓ;¼²n
j;p;nI r;êÓdUt ºnij ek;b;EY;ixà INA
Ar pÓ;¼²n il-Y;jn aifs;r k;juen;ir kuinjuk;à
j;p;nú&;rt wm]I simitÛr ecY;rm*;n pÓefsr ek;ij \k;em;et;à
_sukub; ibXbibd*;leYr Aimer$;s pÓefsr t;d;\ t;ekem;et;
pÓmu%. a;miN]t aitiqedr me/* izeln e$;ikeY; ibedxI
&;W; ibXbibd*;leYr pÓefsrà b;'l; &;W; ibexW+ _sueY;ix
n;r;à pÓ;¼²n ibXb&;rtI ibXbibd*;leYr pÓefsrà
rbINdÓ gebWk a;ju\ k;jum;sh pÓ;Y 50 jn ix=; pÓitë;nà
gebW,; s'Sh;à bŸj;itk b*bs; pÓitë;nà a;Ntj;itRk sMpkR
ibinmY s'Sh;à s;'SkOitk s'Sh; pÓ&Oitr ibixê
b*i¼²bgR. skel n; hel\ ek¤ ek¤ ent;jIr kq; belezn.
&;rtIY r;êÓdUt a;ft;b ex# @.
r;/;iben;d p;l \ t-;r ±ith;isk ibc;err r;Y sMpekR bleln.
&;retr pÓ/;n mN]I Ab' j;p;enr pÓ/;n mN]Ish an*;n*
mN]Iedr epÓirt b;,I p;# kr; hY. Aedr kN#/Binet n; hel\
aNt"Shel ent;jir Aki$ ibixê a;sn reYez t; anu&b kr;
egez. j;p;nIúibedxI imileY pÓ;Y 300 bYSk n;girekr ¤piShit
izl inilRPt. ebx keYkjn pÓbI, aitiq e=;& pÓk;x krelnà
At bzr pr ekn ent;jIek Ú&;rt rt«Û pÓd;enr m;/*em
SbIkOit edY; hl ?
&;rtIY Sb;;/Int;r aibs'b;idt ent; iyin pr;/In
&;rtIYedr
mui¼²d;t;\ be$nú t-;r sMpekR A /renr abehl; sh* kr; y;Yn;.
anuë;enr º•et sMpÓit inimRt ÚÚij¤ a;ijY; en; AEek;¤ÛÛ
Ømu¼² AixY;r jYxÓIÙ n;mk Aki$ cliCc] pÓdxRnI. y;r
ibWYbS\ izl &;rt \ b;mR;r Sb;/Int; yueä j;p;enr &Uimk;.
es%;en ent;jI b;r b;r Aesezn.
sÅbt" A$;E a;p;tt" AE /renr exW
anuë;n. pÓkOtpe=à yueär 50 bzr pr ent;jI sMpekR ntun
ek;n ¤eö%ey;g* gÓNh b; a;el;kic] pÓdxRnI b; a;el;cn;
s&;r s'b;d ec;e% pe‹in. im.
h;Y;ix\ bleln ent;jIr 50tm mOt*u b;iWRkI p;ln
kr;r smY i$i& a;s;ihsh du/Aki$
c*;enl pÓitebdn tuel /erez. AE pyRNt itin
j;enn. a;r ibexW ikzu s'b;d t-;r k;ez enE. gt 40 bzr pUebR
ikzu gÓNh ent;jI ibWeY pÓk;ixt heYez y;r; ile%ezn t-;r;
ent;jIr s;eq s'ixê b*i¼²bgR \ gebWk/
el%k. t;\ 10/11i$
gÓeNhr ebxI nY. Ab' A‡el;r punpÓRk;x\ heCzn;. tbu
yuä ibWYk gebW,;à SÎOitc;r, Ab' pÓitebdn pÓcur pÓk;ixt
heYez Ab' heCz j;p;nI p]pi]k; \ s;miYkIet es%;n b;r'b;r
ent;jIr n;m Aesezà a;sez Sb;&;ibk k;re,E. s;MpÓitkk;el
t•, el%kà gebWk y;r; j;p;nú&;retr p;rSpirk ±ith;isk
sMpkR ineY k;j krezn t;edr me/* agÓ,I &uimk; r;%ezn
gebWkà s;'b;idk t;ekE¤ik t;n;k; Ø35Ù. ib%*;t m;isk
Eith;s ibWYk k;gj Úerikix ‡nej;¤Ûr ag;í$ Ø2002Ù
s'%;*;Y ent;jIek mUl*;Yn ker Aki$ b‹ el%; ile%ezn. Az;‹;
ent;jI ibWeY an*;n* ifc;r\ ile% a;sezn.
A%n il%ezn r;sibh;rI bsur j;p;núpÓb;s jIbenr \pr Aki$
pÓ;m;,* gÓNh. es%;en\ ent;jIr kq; `uer ifer
a;seb. 3/4
bzr a;eg et;eYAE cliCc] s'Sh; eqek inimRt heYez ÚpÓ;E@Û
n;em Aki$ cliCc]à ibtikRt AE cliCce] ent;jIek ‡•etBr
s;eq tuel /r; heYez. Ar pirc;lk ºnEY; Eet;
e`;W,; kerezn ent;jIr \pr Aki$ pU,Rwd`R* cliCc] wtrI krebn.
s;/;r, n;girkedr me/* y;r; s¼er;/R t;edr s;eq b;'l;ú&;retr
pÓs^ ¤#elE Ún;k;mur;EY;Ûr ibh;rI eb;¤su Ør;s ibh;rI
bsuÙà Ened; en; AEE¤ cNdÓ; eb;¤su Ab' p;a;• h;kuix
Øibc;rpit @.
r;/;iben;d p;lÙú AE itnjenr n;m Ar; sMÎ;enr s;eq ¤Cc;r,
kern. ibexW ker AE pÓbI,edr k;ez ent;jI Ab' @.
p;elr a;sn %ubE ¤-cu. AixY;Y idBtIY ibxByueär
Eith;s ik'b; AixY;r Sb;/Int;r Eith;s ent;jIek b;d ideY rcn;
kr; sÅb nY.
A%;en Ak;e@mIr a;erki$ ¤eö%ey;g* k;ejr kq; n;
blel nY esi$ heCz " ent;jIr pÓb;s jIbenr 50 b_sr pUitR
¤ple= 1995 s;el pÓk;ixt 250 pOë;r Aki$ SÎ;rk gÓNh.
ÚÚent;jI et; ineh;njInÛÛ ØNetaji's
Idea and Movement with Japanese) n;mk
sMpU,R j;p;nI &;W;r AE gÓeNh j;p;nIà bmIRà di=,
&;rtIY Ab' b;^;lI b*i¼²tB t-;edr SÎOitc;r, kerezn
ent;jI sMpekR. reYez aenk j;n;úaj;n; tq* Ab' r°Inà
s;d;k;el; dulR& a;el;kic]. gÓNhi$ ibn;mUel* keYk xt kip
ibtr, kr; heYez. yueär pr ad*;bi/ AE pyRNtE
ent;jIÛr mUl*;Yn heYez b; heCz.
su&;W
eb;s Ak;e@mIr &ibW*_ "
yid Ab;r ibc;rpit men;j ek.
mu%;jIRr anusN/;nkOt tq*;id pÓm;, kret p;er
ey ent;jIr mOt*u heYez t;E\Y;en Ab' ernek;ij eboä miNder ey
ict;&SÎ &¼²edr dB;r; gt 57 bzr /er aityet«r s;eq
s'ri=t heCz t; in&Rul&;eb ent;jIrE t;hel Ab;rE
ent;jI pÓliÁt j;p;núpÓb;esr Eit `i$eYà aenkekE ibWµ
ker t-;r m;tO&uim &;rt tq; piXcmb;'l;Y ifer y;ebn.
SbiStr in"Xb;s eflebn im.
m;s;\ h;Y;ixsh ey kÛjn pÓbI, &¼²à anus;rIà
ent;jIúa;dexR ibXb;sIúA%n\ eb-ec a;ezn.
teb esE s;eq enem a;seb Aki$
pebRr ybink;úa;Czµ kreb pÓbI, aenkekE in"s^t;r
kuY;x;Y. hYtb; nbIn ek¤ Aes ent;jI \ j;p;enr sMpkRekà t-;r
pib] SÎOitek b-;iceY r;%et Ak;e@mIr x×p;]i$ gÓh, krebn.
AE pÓt*;x;Y ent;jIr n;m
a;r\ dUr ey;jnb*;pI pÓit/Bint eh;kúúúúúúúúSÎr,IY
eh;k AE k;mn; a;m;edr.
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