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aeloikk
Ak yuegr n;m ex;\Y; aitiq
gebWkà irs;cR esN$;r fr m@;,R a*;ç kne$eMp;r;ir S$;i@jà
j;p;enr a;/uink Eith;es ex;\Y; yug Ø1926úú89Ù Aki$ aibSmr,IY Ab' t;_pyRpU,R smY. sm;jà s'¦Oità aqRnIit Ab' r;jnIit e=e] AE yug ey Eith;s \ ¤d;hr, sOiê kerez t; Aed; yuegr Ø1603úú1868Ù. egnr;k ijd;Eek Smr, kireY edY. y%n r;eê[r sbRe=e] ¤µitr ibPlb `e$izl. Amn `$n; AixY; mh;edex k%en; pirli=t et; hYin. y; j;p;en dub;r `e$ez. ex;\Y; yug prbtRIk;el sudur p[s;rI p[&;b ibSt;r kerez di=, pUbR AixY;Y. A%en; j;p;n a;m;edr ec;e% Ak sit*E ibSmYkr edx a;/*;itÍk Ab' aqRwnitk idk eqek. k;r, AE yuegE j;p;enr m;nuW nrk ÂegRr Â;d g[h, kret eperezn y; a;r an* ek;n yueg `e$in.
Aed; yuegr exW idek Ø1653ú54Ù y%n a;emirk;r yuÊj;h;ejr
n;ibk kem;@t m*;qu eprI j;p;n s;gerr Ú¤r;g;Û tIer tIer
k;el; j;h;j e&‹;eln t%nk;r j;p;in x;sk s;mur;Er; Úel;h;r
j;h;jÛ jel &;sez ede% ibiSmt heYizeln. el;h;r j;h;j jel
&;es ik &;eb. t%nk;r j;p;in j;h;j izl k;ë inimRt.
AE `$n;r keYk bzerr me/* j;p;inr; el;h;r j;h;j wtir kret s=m
heYizelnúú t%n emEij yug Ø1868úú1912Ù xuru heY egez.
keYkxÛ bzerr p[;cIn xi¼²x;lI x;skex[,I s;mur;Eedr h;t
eqek xu/u t;E nYà Eitme/* Úm;E eh;m m;E k;rÛ bel Ak$; buil skelr mue% mue% c;lu heY egez. ¤#ez ibx;l ibx;l su¤Cc m*;nsnà a*;p;$RemN$à aifsà b;s&bn. aibxÃ;s* hel\ st* puer; dem j;p;n enem pe‹ez em;$r g;i‹r ¤_p;den. W;e$r dxek j;p;en edxIY em;$r g;i‹ ¤_p;denr s'%*; 760à000 z;i‹eY y;Y. prbtRI k;el AE s'%*; 70 gu, ebe‹ s¼r dxek 530à000à0 s'%*;Y ¤µIt hY.mUlt a;&*NtrI, Ab' a;Ntj;Ritk b;j;rek l=* ker AE g;i‹ p[S¼t kr; hel\ ai/k;'x g;i‹E m;ikRn yu¼²r;eê[r b;j;er rPt;nI ker j;p;n. AE smY eqek b;‹et q;ek a;emirk;r se^ b;i,j* wbWm*. a;XceyRr ibWY heCz a;ixr dxek ¤_p;idt edxIY em;$r g;i‹r s'%*; izl 110à000à00 i$. a;r A$; heYez gt dxekr eceY s;/;r, m;nueWr ½Yxi¼² =mt; keYk gu, bOiÊ Ab' b*;'k eqek ¨, g[he,r pNh; shj heY y;\Y;r k;re,.
Ab;r es;n;lI ex;\Y; yuegr as;/;r, ¤µYenr p[/;n ikzu `$n; tuel /r; hel p;#k buZet p;rebn ekn AE yugi$ j;p;n tq; pOiqbIr aqRnIitr Eith;es At ‡•tÃpU,R ? 1955 s;l. r;Es kuk;r "
an*idek aibSmrnIY `$n;r jNm edY AE smY es;in kepR;erxnà bhney;g* a;/uink $[;nijê$;r eri@\ b;j;rj;t ker. es;inr AE b;i,ij*k s;fl* r;t;r;it ek;Mp;nIek ibxÃb*;pI pirict ker tuel. et;ixb;à es;inà AnEis t%n p[m;, ker edY ¤per ¤#;r a;g[h q;kel ez;$ eqek b‹ h\Y; sÅb. AixY;ek t;k l;igeY ideY j;p;in wbdu*itk p,*sr¢;m bzr bzr Ak$;r pr Ak$; a;ib&;Rb het q;ek. Akd; smrb;dIà s;m[;j*b;dI bel kiqt j;p;n Ab;r wbdu*itk sr¢;m;id ideY ibxÃjeY abtI,R hY. 1956 s;l. s;n x¤ en; ixn ik "
AE bzr itni$ Úedbd¼ ntun yN]Û b;j;er a;tÍp[k;x ker. y;
ixELp;µt /nI edexr p[tIk bel pirict. f[Ijà \Y;ix' emisn Ab'
e$ili&xn Øs;d;k;el;Ù. el;kmue% t;r n;m hY s;n xu¤ en;
ixn ik b; itni$ edbd¼ ntun yN]sMpd. t%n AixY;r a;r ek;n
edex AEsb wtir kr; ÂePnr\ atIt. bl;b;Ÿl* m;ikRnI p[yui¼²ek
anusr, ker j;p;in emk;rguel; inj dxRn \ icNt;r smnÃeY
Ak ntun yN]s&*t;r jgt sOiêet eleg pe‹. esE /;r;
A%en; blb_ reYezà t;edr ¤ã;bnI icNt;r se^ 1957 s;l. em;e$l b; l;&eh;e$l "
m;ikRn /;-ecr em;e$l wtirr ihi‹k pe‹ y;Y AE smY. Úa;t;imÛ
n;mk suib%*;t ¤‚p[s[bn Øh$iSp['Ù smuÜte$ edexr m;ikRnI s'¦Oitr tIb[ es[;et &;sm;n j;p;en AE s;el rkà pp g;enr sUcn; hY r;j/;nI e$;ikeY;et. b*;çdl ineY t•, t•,Ir; b‹ b‹ xher ¤Nm¼ heY \e#. cliCce] Aes l;eg piXcmI h;\Y;. ep[mj k;ihnIr cliCc] wtirr ihi‹k pe‹ y;Y. y; A%en; sm;n t;el clez. f*;xnip[Y pu•Wedr jn* b;j;er a;es p[%*;t ÚixesEed;Û p[s;/nI p[S¼tk;rI p[itë;n ktOk wtir sugN/I p[s;/nI. 1958 s;l. ebEj bl e%el;Y;‹ n;g;ixm;r a;tÍp[k;x " AE bzr m;ikRnI jnip[Y e%l; ÚebEjbelÛr j;p;in s'¦re, iyin keYkyug Úik'bdNtI pirc;lkÛ bel sMm;n l;& kerezn esE Új;Y;í$ a;E@lÛ exeg\ n;g;ixm;r a;tÍp[k;x. AE s;el AE p[qm 10à000 EeYenr k;guej muÜ; p[cilt hY. a;r\ ¤eö%ey;g* `$n; Úe&iç' emixenrÛ a;gmn. isg;er$à i$nj;t kifà c;à felr rs Ab' m;dkj;t p;nIY /;tb pYs;r ibinmeY ekn;r suey;g sOiê hY. A%n j;p;enr p;h;‹ pbRt y;nb;henr me/*\ at*;/uink e&iç' emixn ibedxIedrek ibiSmt ker. isg;er$à mdà ibY;r b; felr rsE xu/u nY A%n e&iç' emixen c;¤l eqek ep;x;kà \Y;n$;Em k*;emr; eqek es„i&i@\úi@i&i@ m*;g;ijn ibi½ AE edex jl&;t.
AE bzr j;p;enr p[qm sbRbOh_ sup;r ecEn eí$;r Úd;EeYÛr a;tÍp[k;x.
aep=;kOt sSt; m;l;m;l ibi½r AE p[itë;ni$ AE esidn\ pyRNt
pyR$n eh;e$elr b*bs; abi/ sMp[s;irt heYizl ikNtu tIb[
p[itey;igt; Ab' ex;\Y; yuegr tq;kiqt Úb;bl aqRnIitÛ /Ã'esr
k;re, A%n g&Ir aqRs'ke$ inmÕm;n. tq;ip ex;\Y; yuegr
pqp[dxRk d;EeYek anusr, ker ntun ntun Úi@¦;¤N$ eí$;rÛ
A%en; j;p;en b*bs;r clit Ak p[b,t; blel atu*i¼² heb n;à
y; n; q;kel ek;irY; \ cIenr p,*s;mg[I ibi½r Sh;n enE j;p;en.
l;g;t;r aqRwnitk mNd;Y a;½;Nt m/*ib¼à inMnm/*ib¼ b; ÂLpa;eYr
j;p;in Ab' ibedxIr; AEsb b;i,j* 1959 s;l. Ení$;N$ %;d*s;mg[I.
ibexÃr me/* sÅbt smYs;ep= Ab' m*;l; Z;eml;yu¼² p[i½Y;r
%;d* heCz &;rtIY /;-ecr k;ir. t;et p[m;i,t hY ey &;rtbWRIY
a÷l&u¼² edxsmuehr sm;jjIbn kt mNhr b; pXc;_pd. j;p;en\
mh;yuÊpUbR smeY /Ir iShr jIbn izl m;nueWr. ikNtu yueÊ;¼r
ex;\Y; yuegr ngrixLp;Yn j;p;enr puren; ±ith*à r;jnIitek
hi$eY ideY jnjIbnek ker tuelez ½mx b*itb*St Ab' ji$ltr. smY
ineY k;j kr;r ek;n suey;g a;r enE A%;en. s;bR=i,k aqR \
smeYr epzen zue$ cl; b*Stt;r me/* ÂheSt r;-/; %;ed*r Â;d
g[h, Ab' a;iteqYt;d;enr ÂiStkr smY j;p;inedr h;et enE.
ibx[;m Aedex h;r;m. k;ejE e%et bes j;p;inr; &;rtIY %;d*
sMpekR p[x's;Y p÷mu% hel\ inejr; r;µ;Y lGnI het n;r;j Akm;]
dI`RsmeYr k;re, p[bl a;g[h q;k; setÃ\. aqc &;rtIY k;ir
Ab' j;p;in inj /;-ecr k;er Øk;irÙ ey kt%;in jnip[Y %;d*
AE edex t; b*;%*; kr; y;eb n;. A edex reYez agi,t &;rtIYà
b;'l;edxIà p;ikSh;nI Ab' x[Il'k;n k;irr ed;k;n. esE k;ir\
A%n j;p;en ÚEní$;N$Û b; p*;ek$ %;d* iheseb sbR] shjl&*.
d;em\ sSt;. wtir ker inet\ shj. p*;ek$suÊ grm jel fui$eY
enY;r pr grm &;etr \pr e!el idelE k;ir r;Es heY egl. teb
aibb;iht b*Sttm kmRjIbI nrn;rIedr e=e] Ení$;N$ k;ir b; ±
j;tIY t;_=i,k grm ker ¤drSt kr;r p*;ek$ %;d* Ak mh;`R bS¼.
Ení$;N$ /;-ecr smY s;ix[t Ab' p[i½Y;j;t %;b;r A%n
AixY;r an*;n* edex\ ܳt p[s;r l;& krez. y;r sUcn;
heYizl ex;\Y; yuegr AE s;el Úinxixn ex;kuihnÛ n;mk Aki$
p[itë;n eqek Plií$k p*;ek$j;t Úicikn r;emnÛ Øicikn nu@lÙ
b;j;rj;t kr;r m/* ideY. b;j;r m;_ ker edY; p[i½Y;j;t AE sru
cIn; nu@l b*Sttm j;p;in s*;l;rIm*n Ab' aifs el@Iedr kI
p[&ut pirm;n smY \ a;iqRk s;x[eY sh;Yk heYizl t; bel exW
kr; y;eb n;.
s'¦Oitr idk ideY\ ¤eö%ey;g* ¤d;hr, Sh;pn ker a;NtjR;itk ibxÃsuNdrI iheseb f*;xn me@l ek;ijm; emEek; pur¦Ot hn. i$i&r jnip[Yt;r k;re, ntun ntun s^ItixLpIà b‹m;epr cliCc] t;rk;r\ jNm het q;ek Aekr pr Ak. erk@R ek;Mp;nIguel;r b*bs; heY \e# rmrm;. AE bzer btRm;n sm[;$ a;ikihet; AE p[qm r;jkIY p[q; e&e^ ibb;h sMpkR Sh;pn kern s;/;r, n;girk Ak pirb;err kn*; imicek; ex;\d;ek. t;-r ipt; Aki$ b;i,j* p[itë;enr k,R/;r Ab' /nx;lI b*i¼². 1960 s;l. ep[efr h;¤s.
AE bzerr p[/;n `$n; heCz ntun yu¼²r;ê[ j;p;n inr;p¼; cui¼²
sMp;dn. AE inr;p¼;r e&tr ideY j;p;n ܳt a;iqRk ¤µYenr
sIm; ait½m ker eyet q;ek. t;r p[m;, m;isk mjuir m;n Ø\eYj
í$*;ç;@RÙ. a;emirk;r nY &;egr Ak Ab' bOi$exr c;r
&;egr Ak &;eg ¤¼r,. j;tIY ¤_p;dn Ø ijAnipÙ Ar
h;r xtkr; dx &;g. AE bzer j;p;en ibi½t xu/um;] edxIY ¤eö%ey;g* `$n; ip[efr h;¤s bum. j;Yg;r d;m ibexÃr me/* sbeceY ebix t_k;lIn j;p;en s*;l;rIm*;nsh ixLpIà s;ihit*kedr a;jIbnk;r ÂPnúúAki$ inj™ Aktl; b;i‹. ikNtu a;Ytà kr; izl ÂePnr\ atIt. t%n due/r Â;d e`;el em$;en;r jn* ¤dY hl m;ikRnI /;-ecr Úip[efs h;¤sÛ aq;R_ p[;kgi#t gOh. j;Yg; ekn; hel\ b*Yb;Ÿel*r k;re, b;i‹ heY n; \#; m;ilkr; Ení$;N$ b;s; wtirr idek Zu-ek pe‹n. Aki$ ek;Mp;nI eqek xuru heY prbtRI a;$i$ ek;Mp;nI t%n wtir b;i‹ ibi½ krt. AE bzr t; bum heY ed%; idel\ sudup[s;rI hYin. eknn; m*;nsn b; f*;$b;i‹ ibi½r /um pe‹ y;Y s¼r dxek. 1961 s;l. e$;eY;$; Úp;bilk;Ûr a;tÍp[k;x.
k*;emr;
blet\ a;mr; j;p;nek icin. EY;ixk;à fuijà epn$*;„à inknà
k*;nnà ailMp;sà irek; p[&Oit jg_ib%*;t emk;rguel;
ex;\Y; yuegE ¤µitr cu‹;Nt ix%er epo-ezez. AE bzr k*;nn
ek;Mp;nI Ak p[dxRnIr m;/*em b;j;rj;t ker ntun k*;emr; k*;Y;nen$.
198à00 EeYenr Ak Aki$ k*;emr; ± p[dxRnIet dx h;j;ri$ ibi½r
erk@R Sh;pn ker AkidenE p;irb;irk AE bzr kOiWyN]p;itr\ p[&ut ¤µit s;i/t hY. /;enr c;r; ep;t;r ekoxl smOÊ $[;k$rà `;s k;$;r emixn p[&ut pirm;e, e=t%;m;er b*bhÌt h\Y;r fel kOiW ¤_p;dn bOiÊ epet q;ek. kOWkedr a;iqRk sCzlt; ajRn pirli=t hY. an*idek xhuer jIbny;penr iben;dn e=e] ntun s;^Iitk t;libixê p[b,t; sOiê hY p;Xc;t* s'¦Oitr p[&;eb. erí$uereN$ yN]s^It Ab' gItb;denr m/* ideY smYek ¤pe&;g kr;. ai/k;'xE ibxÃibd*;lYg;mI Ab' t•, kmRjIbIr; smebt hetn AE sb c;eYr ed;k;nà kifxpà Ab' erí$uereN$. eysb dlguel; AEsb aunë;enr a;ey;jn kretn t;edr n;m\ izl ibic] eymnà ddmp;à p;c;^;à sukusuku p[&Oit. xu/u g;n nYà s^Ietr t;el t;el t•, kibedr Ârict kibt; a;bOi¼\ ht. AE bzr p[qm b;j;rj;t kr; hY Úa;nenÛ n;mk b;e„;j;t i$su*epp;r. ¤eá;/n kr; hY AixY; mh;edexr p[qm Úi@jnIl*;çÛ icb; ejl;Y. 1962 s;l. pil b;ek$. AE s;elr ¤eö%ey;g* ibWY heCz r;j/;nI e$;ikeY;r el;ks'%*; Ak ek;i$et Aes d;-‹;Y. es Ak ibx;l jns'%*; mh;nger in"seNdeh. m;nuW\ eymn ebix mYl; a;bjRn;\ ttE h\Y; Â;&;ibk. e$;ikeY;r aenk xhrE izl t%n btRm;n klk;t; !;k;r mtn en;'r; \ ibxO'%l;pU,R. 1964 s;el anuiët het y;eCz e$;ikeY; ailiMpk. AixY; mh;edex p[qm a;Ntj;Ritk ½I‹; ¤_sb. xhr pir¦;r kr; jruir. Ae icNt;&;bn; eqekE pirkLpn; enY; hY k;-c; a;bjRn; y] t] n; efel Aki$ p;e] jm; ker r;%; hel t; etmn dugRN/ z‹;eb n;à k;kà eb‹;là kukur Ab' izµmul m;nueWr á;r; xhrmY zi‹eY izi$eY y;eb n; Ab' epor ktOpe=r pe=\ s'g[h kr; suib/;jnk heb Amn p;] ¤ã;bn. a;r esi$E hl ex;\Y; yuegr a;erk sOiê pil b;ek$ b; Pl;ií$ekr b‹ !;kn;\l; b;lit ibexW. A%n anurup b;lit a;l;d; kr; heYez Aki$ d;h* \ an*i$ /;tb j;tIY a;bjRn; r;%;r jn*. irs;Eik®'ek guruetÃr se^ ibebcn; ker a;bjRn;ek du&;eg ib&¼² kr; heCz. AE bzr kmRjIbI j;p;inedr m;q;ipzu a;Y 16200 EeYen Aes d;-‹;Y. pu•Wedr bgelr `;mjint dugRN/ durIkre, a*;iN$ p;riSperN$ b;n eSp[ j;tIY p[s;/nI b;j;rj;t kr; hY. A%n ibi&µ /renr pu•W p[s;/nI b;j;er reYez. ܳt ixLp;Yn \ ngr;Yenr k;re, r;j/;nIsh b‹ b‹ xher b;Yu \ pirebx dUWe,r ixk;r s;/;r, n:Girkr; ibexW ker ixxur;. ixxuedr m;q;b*;q; \ jÃerr p[iteW/k Úicle@[nÛs b;f;irn $*;bel@ b;j;er a;es. AE bzr Ús;r;nr;è b; ifnifen p;tl; Pl;ií$ekr er;lp*;ek$ gOih,Iedr jn* su%br beY a;en. AE Pl;ií$ekr xIe$ x;ksbijà m;zà m;'s ik'b; r;µ; kr; tirtrk;ir mue‹ f[Iej ere% idel dI`R smeYr b*b/en setj q;ek. A$; A%n apirh;yR rIit heY egez. 1963 s;l. i$su* epp;r. h;t muzet n;k muzet xIt p[/;n edex i$su* epp;r anÂIk;yR. j;p;en A$; a;md;nI heYez ex;\Y; yueg. Ab' ainb;yR heY ¤e#ez AE sm;ej. kt rkemr i$su*epp;r ey A%n j;p;en a;ez t; bel l;& enE. AE bzr p[qm nrm Ab' &;el; m;enr b;e„;j;t i$su*epp;r b;j;r kr; hY. duÛ/re,r i$su*epp;r b;j;er a;es Aki$ ÚiknensÛ an*i$ sueki$* abx* p[qm idek ebx d;m p‹el\ A%n aenk sSt; i$su*epp;r b;j;er p;\Y; y;eCz. m;ikRn yu¼²r;ê[ eqek a;gt Úeb;il'Û Aki$ e%l; AE bzr jnip[Yt;r cu‹;Nt pyR;eY \e#. a'xg[hnk;rIr s'%*; d;-‹;Y 1 ek;i$et. r;j/;nI sh b‹ b‹ xher AE e%l; bum heY ed%; edY. ÚkmR;s¼²Û bel pirict s*;l;rIm*;nedr x;rIirk k;iNt dUrIkre, b;j;er a;es Â;Shkr p;nIYúúÚirep;ibt;n i@Û. A%en; Ar jnip[Yt; tue^. AE yuegE pr pr an*;n* a;r\ kmRk;iNt dUrIkr, xi¼²x;lI p;nIY c;lu kr; xuru hY. AE bzerr ¤eö%ey;g* a;r\ Aki$ `$n; j;p;enr sbR;i/k myR;d;sMpµ p[;cIn p[k;xn; s'Sh; ehEeb;nx; p;bilx;r ek;Mp;nI eqek p[k;ixt eGl;is epp;er muiÜt k;l;r tq*sN/;nI men;r¢k k;gj egK;n t;EeY; b; m;isk sUyR. p[;Y duÛx pOë;r AE s;miYkIi$ dI`R ciöx bzr p[k;xn;r pr bzr %;enk a;eg Shigt heY pe‹à teb ibexW s'%*; iheseb bzer c;ri$ s'%*; p[k;ixt heCz. AE /re,r b*YbŸl ikNtu tq*smOÊ a;nNds^I p[k;xn; t%n a;r izl n;à A%en; enE. 1964 s;l. kiMp¤$;r.
Eeleš[;in„ sr¢m;id p[S¼tk;rI j;p;in emk;rguel; ex;\Y;
yueg p;esR;n;l kiMp¤$;r ØipisÙ wtir ker p[&Ut pirm;,
aqRx;lI hY. kiMp¤$;r p[S¼etr pUebR et;ixb; a;r Aki$
yug;Ntk;rI `$n;r jNm ideYizlúúú$;Epr;E$;r Ar pirbetR Ú\Y;@R
1964 s;l j;p;enr Eith;es Smr,IY n;n; k;re,. eymn AE bzr 18 tm a;Ntj;Ritk ailiMpk ½I‹;nuë;n e$;ikeY;et anuiët hY. t;et jwnk j;p;in e%el;Y;‹ edo‹ p[itey;igt;Y eb[;¢ pdk ajRn kr;r kOittà ed%;n. ibexÃr ܳtg;mI Eelki$[k e$[n ixnk;nehn b; buel$ e$[n c;lu y; ibxÃek htb;k ker edY. em m;esr 11 t;ir% p[k;ixt hY a;el;‹n sOiêk;rI s;Pt;ihk clit f*;xn \ `$n;sbR m*;g;ijn ÚehEeb;n p;nicÛúút•, s*;l;rIm*;nedr k;ez d;•, mu%er;ck k;gj heY \e#. 1965 s;l. AY;rkiçxn;r. xItp[/;n edex g[ISm k;el ebx grm pe‹. s;Mp[itkk;el p[cç grem h;-sf;-s ker j;p;inr;. j;p;in emk;rguel; mh;yueÊr pr gOhpirebx ¤‚ Ab' xItl kr;r le=* AY;rkul;r wtir xuru ker. AE bzr Aes Ay;kul;rek AY;rkiçxn;r n;em b;j;er z;e‹. emk;rguel;r me/* erlg;i‹r Ei¢np[S¼tk;rI p[;cIntm bŸ%*;t p[itë;n iht;icr AY;rkiçxn;r jnip[Yt;r xIeWR abSh;n enY. s*;l;rIm*;nedr Úm;Eeh;mÛ b;s;b;i‹et m;nsMpµ AY;rkiçxn Sh;pn t;edrek xIet \ g[IeSm sit* x;iNtr ÂgRel;ek ep-oez edY. ex;\Y; yuegE a;r\ ¤µtm;enr AY;rkiçxn;r j;p;in emk;rguel; wtir tumul p[itey;igt;r me/*. j;p;n AY;rl;ENs s'e=ep j;lúúúnb* /nI Akdl j;p;inedr ineY p[qm Új;lp*;kÛ ibedx ˜menr pirkLpn; g[h, ker. AE bzr b*YbŸl p[qm dli$ eY;er;epr peq p;i‹ jm;Y. AE pyRNt ibedx gmenr ai&+t;hIn s;/;r, j;p;inr; a;iqRk p[tult;r gue, ibedx y;\Y; xuru ker Ab' ex;\Y; yuegE Úh;\Y;EÛ áIp ˜mn bum heY ed%; edY. p*;irs Ab' h;\Y;Eet ibeYr anuë;n kr; rIitmt Ak ¤Nm¼ p[b,t;E izl AE esidn pyRNt.
AE
bzr Aki$ i$i& c*;enel ÚEele&n ipAmÛ n;em wnx m*;g;ijn
anuë;n c;lu hY. y;r ibWYbS¼ izl ai/k;'x f*;xn e$[çI
nrn;rI ai&ent; ai&en]Ir mu%er;ck jIbny;pnà n;E$k;bà
í$[Ip@*;Ns k;bà p,RifLm jgt Et*;id. anuë;ni$ ebx
jnip[Yt; ajRn kerizl belE duÛdxekr ai/kk;l c;lu izl. 1966 s;l. pu•eWr prcul;. AE bzr izl cIen s;'¦Oitk ibPlebr bzr. a;r j;p;en ed%; edY purueWr prcul; b*bh;err bum. xu/u ey m;q;r cul enE bel prcul; ekn;r ihi‹k pe‹ t;E nYà f*;xn iheseb\ ibic] nkx;r prcul; pr;r p[b,t; Ak h;s*kr piriShitr sOiê ker. t;edr ai/k;'x izl m/*bY¦. ehY;r ips n;MnI AE prcul;r ed;k;guel;et t•, t•,Ir;\ ey ekotuhlbxt" &I‹ kerin t; nY. g,m;/*em ebx a;el;‹n tuelizl AE prcul; p[b,t;. ikNtu ex;\Y; yueg xuru heY A%en; AE prcul; b; k;_sur; Ak bOh_ b*bs; j;p;en. $;k !;ket b*YbŸl prcul; ½Y kret em;e$E iá/;eb;/ krezn n; pu•W b; mihl;r; eknn; $;k/;rI b*i¼²edr j;p;en p[sµ dOiêet ed%; hY n;.
s'¦Oit
e=e] a;egr bzrguel;r met; h;\Y;E p[&;b ab*;ht q;ek. A
bzr aitir¼² iben;dn iheseb h;\Y;EY;n esN$;r ¤eá;/n kr;
hYà ey%;en h;\Y;E áIepr nOt*úgItúb;dn Ab' %;b;rd;b;r ¤pe&;g
kr;r suey;g l;& ker h;\Y;Eep[mI j;p;inr;. 1967 s;l. imin¦;$R sudOx* ikem;en;r edex p;Xc;et*r imin¦;$R AE bzr Aes ¤piSht hY. Ar m;] bzr duE a;eg lçen imin¦;$R Ar a;ib&;Rb. p;Xc;et*r f*;xn j;p;in emeYedr a;kOê kerez iÏátIY mh;yueÊr a;egE. t;edrek t%n bl; ht Úem;g;g;lRÛ b; m@;nR g;lR. j;p;in emeYr; br;brE esoNdyR sectn. ex;\Y; yueg j;p;n ibxÃf*;xen an*tm p[/;n Sh;n d%l ker enY. e$;ikeY; heY \e# AixY;r a;/uink f*;xenr Akm;] m÷. ibexÃr ibixê f*;xn i@j;En;redr me/* ebx keYkjn AE yueg a;tÍp[k;x kern. eymn h;n;eY em;irà Eses imY;ekà Eixd; junà k;\Y;kueb; p[mu%. AE bzr ey xu/u imin¦;$R a;el;‹n tuelez t;E nYà emeYedr b=bN/nI Ab' epiN$r\ m÷p[dxRnI aenkekE t;k l;igeY ideYez. m;ikRn \ eY;erpIY a;del pp b*;çdl 200 eqek 300 et bOiÊ p;Y. t;edr me/* m;ikRnI ihièr p[&;b\ Aes l;eg. Sn;kà p;bà b;rà nu*@k®;bà p[&Oit p;nx;l; \ eyoniben;denr b*bs; ½mb/Rm;n –p /;r, ker. p;x;p;ix eg;eg; i@sek;sh eg;eg; erí$uerN$à eg;eg; b;r ebe‹ cll. W;$ dxekr idek Et;ilet wtir k;¤bY cliCc] m*;k;er;in \eYí$;,R n;em j;p;en b*;pk piricit l;& ker. xu/u t;E nYà AE jnip[Yt;r k;re, Et;ilet wtir ey ek;n ijins p[cç ip[Y heY \e#. 1968 s;l. eri@\ e$perk@R;r. m;ikRn yu¼²r;eê[r ihiè s'¦Oit j;p;enr tru, sm;ej d;ru, a;el;‹n tuel fel ihièedr anukre, b*;çdelr g;n k*;ese$ erk@R kr;r /um pe‹ y;Y. AE g;n ex;n; \ erk@R kr;r jn* wbdu*itk emk;rguel; wtir ker n;n; rkm eri@\sh e$perk@;Rr. b;j;er a;s; m;]E t; bum heY ed%; edY. xu/u a;&*NtrIn b;j;rE nY bihRibexÃr b;j;r\ j;p;n Aktrf;&;eb d%l ker enY. AE bzr eqek ibb;h anuë;n jmk;el; a;k;r /;r, ker. tru,edr me/* emeYil s;jsÕ;r f*;xn p[b,t; l=,IY heY \e#. jnip[Y tru, el%kà ixLpIedr s'sd sds* h\Y;r /um pe‹ y;Y. e$;ikeY; jue‹ AE smY s;Eeki@[k b; ±Nd[j;ilk r'ibixê ep;í$;r ic]kmR Ab' ep;x;kpirCzd xherr pirebx bdel edY. m÷n;$k ibWYk m*;g;ijn m;ng; tq; k;$Run A*;inemxn m*;g;ijnà bEp] p[k;exr fel p[k;xn; b*bs; rmrm; a;k;r /;r, ker. AE bzr s;ihit*kà r;jwnitk b*i¼²tà k;\Y;b;t; EY;sun;ir s;ihet* en;ebl pur¦;r epel t;-r p[k;xn;guel; d;ru, jnip[Yt; l;& ker Ab' ekn;r /um pe‹ y;Y. AE bzr p[qm b;j;rj;t kr; hY p*;ek$ k;ir y; p*;ek$suÊ grm ker &;etr \pr e!el idelE r;Esk;ir heY y;Y. Úeb;nk;erAÛ n;mk AE p*;ek$ k;ir A%en; sm;n jnip[Y. abx* Ar pr a;e\ aenk p*;ek$k;ir b;j;er Aesez. j;p;en a;ix[t b;°;il ibPlbI r;sibh;rI bsu ktOk p[cilt ik'bdNtI%*;t &;rtIY k;ir y; Ún;k;mur;Y; en; k;irÛ n;em pirict A%n b;j;er p*;ek$ iheseb p;\Y; y;eCz. nb*/nI j;p;en AE smY ep$bum\ Aki$ ¤eö%ey;g* idk. ep$pxu iheseb eb‹;là kukuerr jn* ibl;sbŸl h;sp;t;là ib¤i$p;lR;r pyRNt es%;en ge‹ \e#. pxuep;W; A%n a;r\ jnip[Y. 1969 s;l. i@ij$;l h;t`i‹.
AE bzr b;j;er gOhsÕ;r jn* h;lk; a;sb;bp] e½t;r dOiê akWR, ker. AkE r' Ab' nkx;r AE a;sb;bp] (Unit Furniture) aibb;iht nrn;rI Ab' sd* ibb;iht dMpitr jn* ait ܳt apirh;yR heY \e#. a;r\ Aki$ ntun rIitr s'ey;g `e$ aqRwnitk e=e] esi$ hl k*;xk;@R Ar b*bh;r. subOh_ b;i,j* p[itë;n suimet;em; b*;'k AE k*;xk;@R p[cln ker. y;et k;í$m;r y%n t%n b*;'k eqek AE k;e@Rr m;/*em ÂY'i½Y ATM Øae$;emi$k e$l;r emixnÙ eqek $;k; tulet p;er. anurUp&;eb @;Y;l pÊitr m;/*em\ k*;xk;@R b*bh;r ker $;k;pYs; elnedn kr;r suey;g sOiê hY AE ex;\Y; yueg. esE ey j;p;in sm;ej k;e@Rr p[cln xuru hl a;r q;emin. A%n puer; edx$;E !uek pe‹ez ibi&µ ibic] k;e@Rr i&terúú p[it e=e]E A%n apih;yR heY d;-i‹eYez AE Pl;ií$k k;@R. e$[enr met; A%n k*;xk;@Rà e½i@$k;@Rà xip'k;@Rà peYN$k;@Rà emMb;rk;@Rà m*;i@k*;lk;e@Rr edx\ j;p;n. 1970 s;l. i&i@\ e$perk@R;r Øi&i$a;rÙ
AE bzerr ¤eö%ey;g* ibWY heCz b;i,ij*k mh;ngr \s;k;et ib+;n
\ p[yui¼²i&i¼k eml; \Y;L@R A„ep;ijxn Û70. AE j;p;in Eith;es ex;\Y; yug Ø1926úú89Ù Ak ibSmYkr smeYr n;m. eymn du"s;hs Ab' edxg#enr idk ideY etmin&;eb yueÊ;¼r b;bl b; bu-dbu-d aqRnIit sOiêr idk ideY. Amn ܳt aqRwnitk ibPlb ibexÃr a;r ek;n edex k%en;E `e$in. m;nuW eymn duh;et $;k; a;Y kerez etmin b*Y kerez. b‹ b‹ ek;Mp;nIguel; m;ikRn yu¼²r;eê[r Sh;nIY ebxikzu myR;d;sMpµ b;i,ij*k p[itë;n ½Y ker ibxÃek cmk l;igeY edY. j;p;in m;l;m;el a;emirk; \ eY;er;pIY edxguel; sYl;b heY y;YúúA%n eymn cIn; p,*s;mg[Iet. em;â;kq;à ae!l k;-c; EeYenr yug izl AE ex;\Y;úúy%n j;p;n sh ibxÃb*;pI ireYl Aeí$$ e@e&lpemN$ ek;Mp;nI b; gOhinmR;, p[itë;nguel; g;d; g;d; EeYenr b*bs; kerezà zibr met; esoNdyRmY ker ideYez j;p;enr &Umçlek. a;r $;k; izl belE ix=;à s'¦Oità ixLpkl;à ½I‹; a;r s;m;ijk e=e] a&UtpUbR ¤µit s;i/t heYez. AE pebR ex;\Y; 30 s;l eqek 45 s;l aq;R_ 1955 eqek 70 s;l pyRNt j;p;enr aqRwnitk s;fel*r ikzu p[/;n `$n; tuel /r; hl. b;r;eNt 1971 eqek 89 pyRNt ex;\Y; yuegr a;erk aecn; j;p;nek ¤piSht kr;r EeCz rEl. smSt
zibE el%ekr esojen* p[;Ë |
iátIY mh;yueÊ sMpU,R&;eb /Ã'sp[;Pt j;p;n aimt bel z;E&Sm
eqek rtÍ;k;er Zel;mel; ker ¤e# d-;i‹eYez yuÊ prbtRI m;]
30 bzerr me/*. y;ek ibexÃr g,m;/*m ÚaeloikkÛ bel ai&iht
kerez. ibexW ker mh;yueÊr ibx;l =Y=it e#el dx bzerr me/*E
a;/uink p[yui¼²r kl;ekoxlek yq;yq&;eb b*bh;err m/*
ideY ܳtgitsMpµ aqRwnitk smOiÊr peq clet xuru ker y;
AixY;r a;r ek;n edexr e=e]E l= kr; y;Y n;. ey k;re, j;p;enr
ex;\Y; yuegr AE s;fl*ek a;j anusr, krez p[iti$ AixY;r r;ê[.
pUbR AixY;sh ixeLp;µt edx j;p;enr ¤µYn icNt; \ pÊitek
anusr, ker itni$ r;ê[ a;j ixeLp;µitr crm ix%er epo-ez egezúúAr;
hl di=, ek;irY;à is^;purà m;leYixY;. AE /;r;Y t;E\Y;n\
Aki$ ¤ÕÃl ¤d;hr,. ¤dIYm;n &;rt\ esidek clet xuru
kerez.
ex;\Y; yuegr a;r\ Aki$ ¤eö%ey;g* `$n; hl ÚPl;ií$k m;inÛ
aq;R_ e½i@$ k;e@Rr p[cln. y; ideY edx ibedex ekn;k;$; kr;
shj heY y;Y. ey k;re, em;$r g;i‹à wbdu*itk gOhsr¢m;id
ibi½r bum ed%; edY. W;$ dxekr p[qm eqekE xhuer jnjIben
m;ikRnI /;-ecr e&;gb;dI s'¦Oitr c;÷l* aqRwnitk smOiÊr
l=, heY \e#. f*;xnà y;nb;hnà cliCc]à b;d*b;jn;à s^ItccR;à
e%l;/ul;à wnxiben;dnà bl@*;Nsà es;s*;l @*;Nsà ibY;r g;e@Rnà
m;ikRnI /;-ec p[k;ex* t•, t•,Ir ej;‹;Y ej;‹;Y
ep[m;il^núúsd* sm;Pt mh;yueÊr ibx;l =Y=ità
du"%yN],;à h;h;k;r m;nueWr mn eqek muizeY idet q;ek.
ibedxI s'¦Oitr AE p[cç ej;Y;r p[;c* &;b/;r; eqek
j;p;in Úd;nk;E esd;EÛ b; yueÊ;¼r ebbIbum p[jNmek sMpU,R&;eb
ibiCzµ ker efel. ix=; p[itë;en p[eY;g kr; hY m;ikRnI \
p;Xc;t* /;r;r ix=;pÊit. sbRe=e] t%n m;ikRnI /;-ec edxg#enr
ej;Y;r. nr n;rI b*Sttr heY ¤#et q;ek s's;r p;lenr p;x;p;ix
b;Eerr kmRjIbn ineY. p[kOtpe= Úmrb n; hY b;-cbÛ AE
nIit ablMbn kern kitpY m;ikRnpNhI ix=;ibdà buiÊjIbIà b*bs;YI
Ab' r;jnIitk yuÊib/ÃSt ¤µYnxIl edx j;p;nek ¤µYenr idek
ineY eyet. y;ek j;p;in &;W;Y bl; hY Úek;ed; esEec;Û b;
ܳt aqRwnitk ¤µYnúúmUlt ex;\Y; yuegr p[/;n wbixë*.
yueÊ;¼r
/;bm;n aqRwnitk ¤µYenr fel j;p;in n;rIr;\ kl%;r%;n;à aifsúa;d;lt
Ab' b;i,j*
AE
bzerr a;r\ ¤eö%ey;g* `$n; hl es;in ek;Mp;nI b;j;er z;e‹
Úep;e$Rbl $[;nijí$;r i$i&Û aq;R_ h;et bhnk;rI i$i&.
AE bzrE es;inrE wtir $[;nijí$;r eri@\ 100à000à0 es$ ibi½r
erk@R Sh;pn ker. 1953 s;el c;lukOt s;d;k;el; i$i&r ibi½
s'%*; AE s;el 600à000à0 ese$ Aes d;-‹;Y. i$i&r AE
a&utpUbR jnip[Yt; AE bzr c;lu kret s;h;y* ker r°In i$i&.
j;p;enr g;i‹ bletE Ak nMbr heCz e$;eY;$;r g;i‹ Ab' eh;ç;r
em;$r b;Ek ibxÃb*;pI jnip[Y. AE bzr xu/um;] a;&*NtrIn
b;j;erE s;/;r, g;i‹r eceY =uÜ;k;err em;$r g;i‹ Ab' k*;emr;
s;fl* l;& ker. e$;eY;$; t;r ntun em;$r g;i‹ Úp;bilk;Û
b;j;rj;t ker Ak ¤eá;/nI p[dxRnIr m/* ideY. el;ek el;k;r,*
heY \e# esE p[dxRnI. ibi½\ heY y;Y ܳt. =uÜ pirb;r y;et
t;edr em;$r g;i‹r ÂPnek ½eYr a;Yetà a;net p;ern es le=*
g;i‹guel; h;lk; Ab' sSt; kr; hY. etl\ y;et ebix n; %;Y
esidek l=* r;%; hY. Ak il$;r etel 24 ik im clet s=m izl AE
g;i‹guel;. abx* m;nueWr b*i¼²gt a;Y\ bOiÊ p;Y AE bzer.
fel g;i‹ ekn;r /um eleg y;Y b‹ b‹ xher. xu/u e$;eY;$;E
nYà p;x;p;ix sub;ru ek;Mp;nI\ anurup g;i‹ b;j;rj;t ker.
ex;\Y; yuegr AE h;lk; \ =uÜ g;i‹r /;r; A%n an*;n* ixeLp;µt
edxguel;ek\ p[&;ibt kerez. 1/2
a;snibixê em;$r g;i‹
j;p;en
p[qm b‹ m;epr kiMp¤$;r a;md;in kr; hY a;emirk; eqek
AE bzr. p[isÊ emk;r x;pR ek;Mp;nI wtir ker b‹ a;kOitr
wbdu*itk k*;lkuel$r.
AE bzr j;p;n ijAnipÛr idk ideY ibexÃr iátIY Sh;en ¤µIt
h]Y;r kOittà ajRn ker. srk;rI aqRwnitk s;h;y* ODA
c;lu kr;r Ø1954Ù pr AE bzr 15 tm bWR. p[qm s;h;y* p[d;n kr;
hY &;retek. a;NtjR;itk a;iqRk s;h;y* pirkLpn; ÚkleMb;
Pl*;nÛ Ar an*tm s;h;y* p[d;nk;rI edx iheseb j;p;n a;tÍp[k;x
ker. Eitme/* i@ij$;l p[yui¼² a;ib&R;b `e$ez j;p;en. AE
p[%*;t `i‹ p[Stutk;rI p[itë;n esEek; b;j;rj;t ker p[qm i@ij$;l
h;t`i‹ ÚesEek; kueYijÛ. Arpr k*;iseY; ek;Mp;nI wtir kret
q;ek Ak$;r pr Ak$; ibi&µ i@j;Eenr h;t`i‹ e$ibl`i‹.
b;j;er a;s; i@ij$;l h;t`i‹ jnip[Yt; ajRn kret iblMb hYin.
xu/um;] j;p;in b;j;rE nY ܳt bihRibexÃr b;j;r\ d%l ker
efel k*;iseY;. |
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