ntunetBà
sSt;Y A%n\ j;p;n xIeWR
pÓbIr
ibk;x srk;r
sm;ej m;nueWr jIbny;pnek kt shjtr a;r sSt; kr; eyet p;er p,*s;mgÓI
AE pÓitey;gIt;Y j;p;n eb;/kir ibeXb xIWRSh;en abSh;n krez.
m;] ed‹Ûx bzerr me/* pXc;_pd kOiW i&i¼k Aki$ edx kI&;eb
y;iN]k ae$;emxenr xIWRcU‹;Y a;er;h, krl A$; &;bel ibSÎeYr
sIm; q;ekn;. emEj yueg Ø1868ú1912Ù aqR;_ pÓ;Y Akx bzr
a;eg j;p;n izl AixY;r pÓqm ixeLp;µt Aki$ edx. j;p;enr
j;Eb;_su tq; bOh_¼r b;i,j* pÓitë;n‡el; eymn im_suibixà
im_suEà suimet;em;à en;mur;à m;_suixt;à k;\Y;s*;ik
h*;&I Eæ;í$ÓI-j pÓ&Oitr Eith;s l=* kir ab;k n;
heY p;r; y;Yn;. &;bet ab;k l;eg ibeXbr me/* sbeceY ebix
g;i‹ pÓS¼tk;rI pÓitë;n reYez j;p;enEÞ &;rI ixLpE
º/u nYà wbd*uitk gOhsr¢;mà ibm;nbhrà j;h;jà er;eb;$à
Amn ik a;emirk;r n;s; ne&;y;n‡el;r Ei¢nà yN];id
pyRNt im_suibixà k;\Y;s;ik k;irgir pÓitë;n‡el; wtrI
krez. yueä b*bhÌt sb rkemr smry;nà aS]xS] j;p;n inejE
wtrI krt iátIY ibXbyuä pubR pyRNt. eY;er;pek anusr, ker
s;mÓ;j*b;dI heY ¤#;r pr r;ixY; Ab' cInek yueä h;ireY
&;rtsh AixY;r an*;n* eXbt;^edr pr;/In Sb;/Inect;
j;itedrek mui¼²yueä ¤áuä kerizl j;p;n.
j;p;enr reYez eymn Aki$ aiátIY ØE¤inkÙ
s'SkOit etmin a;/uink /*;n/;r,;Y es A%n m;S$;r. eymn /•nà
ait s;MpÓitk keYki$ pirbtRn. eí$xen eí$xen i$ik$ e&iæ'
emixn c;lur pr 5/6
bzr a;eg eme$Ó; erlà p;t;l erl eí$xn‡el;et biseYez ai&nb
Aki$ SbY'i½Y i$ik$úprI=; emixn b; ae$;emi$k i$ik$ egE$.
kiMp¤$;r Ab' esNsryu¼² AE emixen i$ik$ !uikeY idel ec;e%r
inimeW eck¿ heY a;erk mu% ideY ebireY a;sez. ek;n ek;n
emixenr m;q; At &;el; ey Ak muhuetR pYs;r ey;gúibeY;g
ker p;\n;úed\n;r ihesb ker ideCz. aifsg;mI sk;lúsN/*; AE
duE smeY l= l= el;k ek;nrkm j$l; z;‹;E dÓ³t p;r heY
y;eCzà smY mt c‹et p;rez e$Ón. `i‹r k-;$; anuy;YI pÓiti$
e$Ón A%;en smY r=; kr; cel. AE emixni$ wtrI kerez a;÷ilk
ait =udÓ Aki$ emixn;rI pÓS¼tk;rI pÓitë;n. a;j y;
yug;Ntk;rI Ak `$n;. º/u t;E nYà ½m;gt clez Aek a;r\ a;/uinkà
a;r\ b*bh;irk Ab' a;r\ shjtr ker et;l;r pÓecê;. eymn AE
emixenE Ak;/;er i$ik$ eymn pÓebx kr;en; y;eCz a;b;r º/um;]
i$ik$ Aki$ =udÓ min$er
ez-;Y;elE bN/ kp;$ %uel y;eCz. ± i$ik$ek bl; heCz ÚsuEk;Û b; aitir¼².
a;emirk;Y ¤ã;ibt kni&ineYN$ eí$;r
ey%;en wdniNdn jIben b*bh;irk Amn ikzu enE y; ibi½ hYn;.
sbRSterr m;nueWr k;ez Ar jnipÓYt; tue^. AE ed;k;n‡el; A%n
xhrà ngrà gÓ;mà dIp;÷l z;i‹eY p;h;e‹r \per\ ibStOit
l;& kerez. bzer ek;n zi$ enE 24 `N$; e%;l;.k;ejE r;t
iberet ekn;k;$;r jn*
%ubE suib/;jnk. b;i,ij*k xhr eqek º•
ker xhrtlI sbR] Ak;i,k eí$;r reYez. Eitme/* sbeceY jnipÓY
Úese&n Eele&nÛ eí$;ri$ s;r;edex 10à000 ed;k;n
Sh;penr kOittB ajRn kerez. A%n AEsb ed;k;en Ai$Am Øae$;emi$k
e$l;r emixnÙ b*;'k k,R;r Sh;pn kr; heYez. ez;| Ak$; emixn
eY%;en 24 `N$;r eyek;n smeY $;k; et;l; sÅb k*xúk;e@Rr m;/*em.
reYez ipÓepE@ a;Ntj;itRk e$ilef;n k;@R ekn;r anu–p emixn.
Ab' sMpÓit yu¼² heYez dui$ kni&ineYN$ eí$;r Úel;
snÛ Ab' ÚAúAmúipúAmúÛA Úep;í$ b„Û Sh;penr ¤d;hr,.
sk;l 11$; eqek ibekl 4$; pyRNt A%;en ici# efl; y;eb.
Aki$
ed;k;enr mihl; kmRc;rIek ijeg*s krl;mà A$; º/u º/u bs;en;
n;ik l;& a;ez ikzu? &dÓmihl; blelnà n;. º/uE s;i&Rs.
a;mr; ep;í$;l i@p;$RemN$ eqek Ak pYs;\ kimxn iniCzn;. br' %irâ;r
y;et a;r\ Ak /;p suey;g ab' suib/; shejl;& kr;et p;ern
A$; etmn Aki$ s;i&Rs m;]Þ eyehtu esb;E b*bs;r pÓ/;n
l=. esb; a;r b*bs; sm;Ntr;l j;p;nI sm;ej. eymn b;s; bdl kr;r
smY inej kê ker m;l bhn krebn eknú ÚihK;ixÛ n;mk pirbhn
ek;Mp;nIr \pr d;iYtB eze‹ idelE hl. aityetr s;eq a;pn;r
m;l;m;l bhn krt" a;pn;r inedRxmt yq;Sh;en Sh;pn ker
edeb kmRc;rIr;. m;l;m;l p;#;ebn edxúibedex Ab' ihm;iYt %;d*s;mgÓI
sb sÅb Út;kuik¤ibnÛ tq; kuirY;r s;i&Resr m;/*em aitdÓ³t
Ab' inr;p¼;sh. g;i‹ p;kR kr;r j;Yg; A%n ibx;l ibx;l &benr
z;ed kr; heCz. SbY'i½Y ilfe$ ker g;i‹ \per e$en et;l; hY.
erl eí$xn‡el;r m;i$r nIec A%n wtrI kr; heCz Aks;eq h;j;r
h;j;r s;Eekl p;ikR' kr;r Sh;n. abx* 24 `N$;r jn* 100 EeYnà
m;isk k;@R iken inel 1500ú1800 EeYn.
kt rkm ijinsp] ey a;jk;l j;p;en shjtrà b*bh;er;pey;gI
heY ¤e#ez t; t;ilk; krel km lÁ; heb n;. keYji$ tbu blizà
kiMp¤$;r yu¼² r;Es kuk;rß \Y;ix' emixnß p;nIYà
isg;er$sh n;n; pe,*r e&iç' emixn Øp;h;e‹úbenúj^elà
e$Óenmr i&ter pyRNt a;ezÙß fuij iflÎ kepR;erxenrúAr
\Y;n$;Em k;ëej l*Nsúf*;xl;E$yu¼² k*;emr;ß et;ixb;Ûr
j;¤rNs ipi@A Øp;esR;n;l i@ij$;l A*;isse$NsÙß es;in
kepR;erxenr isi@ i@Skà Ami@ Øimin i@SkÙ epY;rà isi@ú\eY;km*;n
epY*;rà Úa;Eeb;Û ep$ er;b;$ Øey‡el; bYSk n;girekr
esb;xÓ³s;r k;ej aicerE b*bhÌt hebÙß eh;ç; em;$r
kepR;erxenr Úa;ism&Û buiäm;n m;nb;kOitr er;eb;$ Øy;
SbicNtk Ab' adUr &ibW*et b*bhÌt heb sU=Î gebW,; eqek
º• ker &;rI yN]p;it s'ey;jnà Sh;n;Ntrà h;sp;t;el sU=Î;itsU=Î
aeS];pc;err e=e]Ùß e$;eY;$; em;$r ek;Mp;nIÛr g;i‹r
irs;Eik' esN$;rß i@i&i@ epY;rß p;tl; Sfi$kú pdR;r
p;jm; edY;l i$i&ß kiMp¤$;r yu¼² m*;s;j ecY;rà
ekiseY;Ûr Eelki$Ók $Ó;e&lúkkà s;ineY;Ûr @Ó;Eesl
b*;$;rIyu¼² $uqbÓ;x pÓ&Oit. Amnik eysb ek;Mp;nIr n;m
scr;cr ex;n; y;Yn;ú n;s;Ûr gebW,;ekeNdÓr abd;n r;%ezÞ
1998 s;el eSps x;$¿l i@sek;&;irÛr mUl \jn 4 $n km;en;r
kOittB ajRn kerez  a;÷ilk
fukuEú ejl;r Aki$ =udÓ emixn;ir pÓS¼tk;rI ek;Mp;nI m;_su¤r;
emixn;ior kepR;erxn SbinimRt Aki$ yN] Sh;pn ker ideY. anu–p
dUrbtIR a;ikt;úejl;r a;erki$ es;in Ab' An AEcekr eyoq
pirkLpn;y pÓS¼t h;Ee@ifenxn k;emr; 1990 s;elr idek n;s;Ûr
dOiê a;kWR, ker. ibeXb aE pÓqm j;p;enr t;k;r; $Y Aki$ e%ln;
pÓS¼tk;rI ek;Mp;nI ¤ã;bn kerez Úb;¤il^uY;lÛ n;em Aki$
yN] y; kukuerr &;W; Ab' anu&Uit anub;d ker idet s=m.
2002 s;el m;ikRn yu¼²r;eêÓr Ig
Nobel prize ajRn kerez. AE
purSk;r pÓd;n ker q;ekn h;&R;@R ibXbibd*;lY Ab' s*;s;º
Enií$i$¤$ ab e$ken;lij ØAma;Ei$ÙÛr ix=;ibdr;. a;r keYk
bzerr me/* Aes y;eb ecoÁuk xi¼²r s;h;ey* c;ilt ilinY;r
em;$;r e$Ón y;r git heb `N$;Y 500 ik
.
im.
ß
ibd*u_ z;‹;\ p;inà mdà b;Yuúxi¼²c;ilt em;$r g;i‹r
k;j clez. Ak/duE
a;snibixê kmepš b; imin k;r ½mx" jnipÓYt; ajRn krez.
eh;ç; em;$r ek;Mp;nI sMpÓit b;j;er eze‹ez Eelki$Ók imin
b;Ek. Amin a;r\ kt ikÞ t;z;‹; ibpb º• heYez em;b;El
ef;n Ab' CCD= charge
coupled device) k*;emr;
ideY. i@ij$;l k*;emr;à mui& k*;emr;à sSt; k;l;ripÓN$;rà
i@ij$;l k*;emr; ipÓN$;rà k;l;r kipY;er et;  b;j;r
zYl;p.
aitsMpÓit em;b;El ef;en s'yu¼² heYez isisi@ k*;emr; fel
zib tuel EN$;rene$r m;/*em s;eq s;eq epÓr, kr; shj heCzà
Aes egez i$i&ú e@;r ef;nà i&i@\ef;nÞ AE em;b;El
e$ilús;i&Rs adr &ibW*et m;nueWr jIbny;];ek a;r\ kt
rkm&;eb ey shjtr ker tuleb es$;E ibSÎeYr s;eq ed%; y;eb.
em;â kq; m;ekRe$ pÓqm ed%;Y ih$ kret p;er AE a;Ei@Y;úp,*
pÓS¼et Ab' kt d;em p,* ibi½ kr; y;Y AE pirkLpn;r
e=e] j;p;enr tuln; enE. at*Nt b*YbŸl edx j;p;en A%nÛ90 ÚEeYnúxpÛà
Ú100 EeYnúxpÛ \ Ú1000 EeYnúxpÛ idn idn ebe‹ celez.
AEsb ed;k;en wdniNdn jIben b*bhÌt &;el; &;el; bŸ
p,*s;mgÓI ¤per;¼² mUel* ibi½ heCz. y; a&;bnIYÞ teb
dÓ³t ae$;emxn pÓb,t; eyn j;p;en xÓmjIbI m;nueWr k;jek hÓ;s
krez etmin cInà ek;irY;à m;leYixY;à q;Eà EeNd;enixY;
eqek a;md;nIkOt aitir¼² sSt; pe,*r ej;Y;er j;p;enr i&ter
pÓS¼t ÚbÓ;çÛ s;mgÓIr b;j;r\ s'kuict heCz.
e$;ik\ 27.8.03
|
