a;jekr j;p;n " h;it kOx hel kt%;in het p;er Þ
pÓbIr ibk;x srk;r

   bl; heY q;ek j;p;nI &;W; pOiqbIr ki#ntm &;W;‡el;r Aki$. j;p;nI &;W; bl; eymn ki#n t;r eceY\ ki#n el%;. eknn; AE &;W;Y reYez itni$ k;#;em; ú ihr;g;n;à k;t;k;n; a=r Ab' cIn; \ j;p;nI k;nij k*;erš;r. y;r; j;p;n ibWeY pi¹túgebWk t-;r;\ j;p;nI &;W;Y el%;r a;gÓh q;kel\ il%et igeY ipizeY pe‹n. t-;edr el%; b; gebW,;kmR E'erjI eqekE j;p;nI &;W;Y anUidt heY q;ek. es%;en b*it½m Aki$ kmR sMp;dn; kerezn j;p;nSh btRm;n &;rtIY r;êÓdUt a;ft;b ex#. anub;d nYà sr;sir j;p;nI &;W;etE tq*bŸl a;el;úinedRxk Ab' ¤_s;hb*¢k Aki$ gÓNh j;p;n ibWeY ile%ezn. pÓk;ixt heYez Úex;¤ednex;Û n;mk m;Z;ir pÓk;xn; s'Sh; eqek 2001 s;elr i@esÁr m;es. gÓNhi$r n;m\ ai&nb " Úej;¤ \Y; EY;eset em; ej;¤ ed a;•Û ØHow much weight can an elephant loseÙ AE n;em. es;j; b;'l;Y y;ek bel " h;it kOx hel kt%;in het p;er !
   bl;b;Ÿl* AE h;iti$ j;p;n. 1990úAr pr b;b¿l aqRnIit(Bubble EconomyÙ buÊuedr mtE imileY y;b;r pr gt Ak dxk /er j;p;n dÓ³t gitet kOxk;Y heY a;sez. btRm;n kmRhIenr s'%*; 5.5% xt xt =udÓ \ m;Z;ir klk;r%;n;à b;i,j* pÓitë;n ed¤ilY; heY pe‹ez. Aedr me/* b‹ b‹ pÓitë;n\ keYki$ aNt&Ru¼². pÓ&;bx;lI b*;'k \ b;i,j* pÓitë;n ½m;gt inejedr e&e^cue‹à kmRc;rIedr z;$;E ker k;#;em;úpunRg#n Ab' an*;n* pÓitë;enr s;eq a^I&Ut ØMergeÙ h\Y;r pÓb,t;Y &ugez. º/u bihRibexBE nYà a;&*NtrI, b;j;r\ ½m;gt skuict heY p‹ez. p,*s;mgÓI ibi½ heCzn; b;b¿l aqRnIitr yueg eymn ht mui‹úmu‹ikr mt!
   pÓ;kOitk sMped at*Nt dirdÓ; p,*pÓS¼tk;rI edx iheseb j;p;enr b;i,j* z;‹; git enE. pÓ/;n wbedixk mudÓ; ajRenr pq wbdu*itk sr¢m;id Ab' em;$r g;i‹ ibi½. A dui$ e=e] A%n j;p;n sbR] pÓc¹ pÓitey;igt;r smÎu%In. j;p;n eqekE Akd; pÓyui¼² ix=;gÓh, Ab' a;md;nIpÓb, AixY;r ¤#it edx‡el; j;p;enr p,*s;mgÓIr pÓitey;gIà pÓitp=. di=, ek;irY;à t;E\Y;nà h'k° ØcInÙà is^;purà m;leYixY;à EeNd;enixY;à q;El*;¹ Amn ik i&eYtn;m pyRNt j;p;enr pÓitey;gI heY ¤#ez idn idn. ikNtu Aedr ek z;i‹eY egez ibleÁ a;s; AixY;r bOh_ is'h cIn. a;j j;p;enr a;&*NtrI, b;j;r sSt; cIn; p,*s;mgÓIet sYl;b ! ŸbŸ j;p;nI p,*s;mgÓI sbR] eyidekE ec;% y;Yú ikNtu h;et ineY pe,*r $*;g ¤eL$ ed%el ed%; y;eb  Made in China. Akm;] g;i‹ z;‹; wdniNdn jIbenr b*bh;irk sb p,*s;mgÓI cIn;. Ar perr Sh;n .heCz di=, ek;irY;r. Az;‹; m;ikRnIà j;mR;nIà fr;sI em;$r g;i‹à f*;xnh;¤s Ab' aep=;kOt sSt; m;l;m;l ibi½r Úsup;r eí$;rÛ ‡el; b;j;er Ÿmi‹ e%eY p‹ez j;p;nI b;j;er.
   mudÓ;r ibSfIit (Deflation)à ebk;rtBà jnxi¼² hÓ;sà t•, pÓjenÎr kemR anIh; Ab' j;Eb;_su (Financial Clique) Øim_suibixà suimet;em;à im_suEà EY;sud;à en;mur; pÓ&Oit b;i,ij*k eg;ëIÙ sh as'%* pÓitë;enr AixY;à di=, a;emirk;Y aqRlg«Ià sSt; p;irxÓimek p,*s;mgÓI ¤_p;dn kr;r ¤eâex klk;r%;n; Sh;n;Ntr pÓ&Oit k;re, aqRwnitk abSh; btRm;n s'k$;pµ –p /;r, kerez.
   j;p;enr bihRa^ e%;l; ec;e% Zel;mel; Ab' Sb;Sh*kr men hel\ i&trmhel ebx b‹ /bsE enemez. ak;i/k ‡•tr sms*;à s'ke$r a;betR `ur p;k %;eCz edxi$. j;p;enr A%n  sbeceY b‹ sms*; heCz " fuireY; s;Eekn ØDisposing of Bad LoansÙ aqR;_ b;b¿l aqRnIitr yueg ey skl b*;'k ÚjimÛr ibinmeY Ab' xt xt ireYl A*;eí$$ ek;Mp;nI‡el;ek ek;i$ ek;i$ EeYn ¨, ideYizl t;r smUh&;gE apirex;i/t abSh;Y A%en; reY egez. b*;'ek ifer a;esin sud \ a;sl $;k;. eknn; b;b¿l aqRnIit /besr s;eq jimr mUl*\ tr kr ker nIec enem y;Y. A%en; inMngitr idekE y;eCz. fel b*;'k‡el;\ AE ab*bhÌt jim‡el;ek ibi½ kret p;rezn;. a;r ekn;r mt e½t;\ enE.
   SÎr, r;%; drk;rà an*;n* edexr tuln;Y j;p;enr b*;'kúb*bSh; sMpU,R i&µ. Aedex Sb,Rà erop* b; hIr;jhretr ibinmeY ¨, edY; hYn;úúúAkm;] b*bh;rey;g* Út;m;ep;Û b; jim z;‹;! abx* AE ibpul pirm;, ¨, ineY A%n j;p;nI r;jnIitibd Ab' x;skdl duE&;eg ib&¼². Akdl bleznà eyehtu j;p;nI aqRwnitk abSh; crm s'k$;pµúlupT ¨, a;r ifer a;s;r sÅ;bn; enE esehtu AE e%l;pI ¨, %;irj ker ideY ntun ikzu icNt; kr; ¤ict. an*delr b¼²b*à e%l;pI ¨,ek ekNdÓ kerE aqRwnitk s'Sk;r j•rI. ey k;re, btRm;n pÓ/;n mN]I junEicer; ek;Ejuim ÚaqRwnitk s'Sk;r pirkLpn;Û aqb; Úek;ej; k;Ek;kuÛ n;mk gitxIl ¤ed*;g ineY x;snyeN]r &;r h;et ineYizeln. ikNtu A%n pyRNt s'Sk;err i$ik$\ ed%; y;eCzn;. edxúibedexr ai&+;nmhl Eitme/* t-;ek ÚA m*;n en; $k A*;kxn $k \n¿ilÛ ¤p;/Iet &UiWt kerezn! t;r kmRk;e¹ ht;x yugp_ s;/;r, m;nuW Ab' b*bs;iYk eg;ëI. aqRwnitk s'Sk;err d;iYtB ideYezn AkE ekEeY; ibXbibd*;leYr pÓefsr t;ekn;k; ehEej; iyin A%n j;itr k;ez Úepp;r @Ó;E&;rÛ n;em pirict! an*idek bl; y;eCz aqRwnitk mNd; a;r\ crm a;k;r /;r, kreb a;g;mI bzr‡el;et. pÓit c;r jenr Akjn kmRhIn heY p‹;r a;x'k; reYez. aqc A%en; ibexBr idBtIY aqRwnitk xi¼² iheseb j;p;n pÓitiët. $;k;r t;r a&;b enE. ibexBr sbRbOh_ s÷YI pÓitë;n heCz j;p;enr @;k`r s÷Y b*bSh;. A%;en 2000 s;elr Ak iheseb j;n; y;Y 260 i$ÓilYn EeYn si÷t a;ez. y;r Ak;'x ideY an;Y;es b*;'ekr e%l;pI ¨, ex;/ kr; y;Y. c;^; ker edY y;y b*;'k‡el;ek inimReW. ntun ntun b*bs;r jn* ¨, edY; ek;n ki#n k;j nY. ikN¼ pÓx« heCz ik&;eb? AE ibpul pirm;, $;k;Y EeCz krelE h;t idet p;ern; srk;r. AE ineY a;ez pÓcur tkRibtkR. AE pÓitë;ni$ srk;r inYN],;/In @;k \ e$iley;g;ey;g mN],;leYr. jnge,r Akm;] in&Rrey;g* \ ibxBSt s÷YShl. ikN¼ btRm;en aqRwnitk s'k$ k;$;en;r jn* AE ibpul s÷Yek b*bh;r kr; z;‹; git\ enE.
   AE heCz a;jekr j;p;enr s;migÓk a;iqRk abSh;. AE s'k$mY muhUetR j;p;enr Akinë º&;k;×I xÓI ex# gÓNhi$ pÓk;x ker º/u smeY;ict d;iYtBE p;ln kerninà punr;Y ¤e# d-;‹;en;r jn* j;p;enr egorbmY atItek SÎr, kr;r a;hB;n\ itin j;p;nIedr j;ineYezn. ¤_s;hb*¢k AE gÓNhi$ ‡•tBpU,R n;n; k;re,. sIimt pirser t; ineY a;el;cn; kr;r suey;g enE. teb keYki$ ibWeY ibStOt a;el;kp;t b; suSpê inedRxn; q;kel gÓNhi$ pirpU,R het bel ibxB;s.
   pÓqemE ed%; y;k sUicpe] ik ik ibWY a;ez. bl; y;Y j;p;enr skl ibWeYE itin SpxR kerezn. sb‡el; ineY a;el;cn; sÅb nY teb ixer;n;m pe‹ p;#k ikzu$; hel\ /;r,; kret p;rebn ibWY sMpekR es kq; ibebcn;Y ere% puer; sUicp]E tuel /r; hl"

pÓqm pirCzd "
ibx;l;k;r hiSt j;p;n" kOxk;Y hel\ xi¼²/r
ú &;ret Új;p;nIúxi¼²Û bel Aki$ pÓb;d reYez ú
* jIbnI xi¼²et pirpU,R j;p;n ineStj hl ekn?
* edbt; iheseb l;&jnkà sd; ¤p;sn;et ai/iët ØgjÙ esE pºr kq;
* btRm;n j;p;n kOxk;Y hel\ A%en; Sb;Sh*b;n
* yueÊr pr prE eneh• j;p;nek ¤ph;r p;#;n Aki$ h;it
* e$;ikeY; $Ó;Ebun;el Akm;] Akjn &;rtIY j;p;nek inedR;W e`;W,; kerizeln
* suibc;rà inrep=t;à mh;nu&bt; AE kq;‡el; j;p;nIedr a;itÎk xi¼²
* \eYen; ici‹Y;%;n;Y ri=t enh•r b;,I
* j;p;en epÓirt c;r nÁr h;itr n;m ÚsUeyR;dYÛ

idBtIY pirCzd "
a;Ei$ e=e] agÓ,I edx &;retr c;ilk;xi¼² Ab' j;p;enr pÓit a;ebdn
úsf$¿\Y*;er dÓ³t ibkixt &;rt Ab' h;@R\Y;err j;p;n prSpr pirpUrkú
* a;kWR,IY sf$¿\Y*;er ¤µYn \mt; Ab' sMpdx;lI em/;bI sm;j
* Ak dxk pUebRr aqRwnitk s'k$ A&;eb ait½m krez
* ibexBr duE nÁr /nI heCzn &;rtIY a;Ei$ k,R/;r
* &;ret j;p;enr aqRlg«Ir e=]smUh
* ÚxUn*Û a;ib:k;r eqek sUcn;
* pib] ¨kebd bY;en a&;bnIY SÎr,xi¼²
* ¤Ccm;/*imk ix=; sm;pT ker bzer Ak l;% a;E$ ibexWe+r a;ib&R;b
* a;Ntj;itRk m;nd¹ sUck ØISO 9000Ù isirejr aNt&Ru¼² pÓitë;nsmUh
* eY;er;pà m;ikRnI ek;Mp;nI‡el;r a;¤$ es;isR'
* Enef;iss ek;Mp;nIr anu–p dOx*m;n aitbOh_ pÓbOiÊ
* a;emirk;/ E'l*;¹ /j;mR;nsh ibxBb*;pI ibStOt heCz &;rtIY jnxi¼²
* sf$¿\Y*;r rPt;nIr e=e] j;p;n A%n\ =udÓ b;j;r
* &;rt \ j;p;n pÓitdBNdI h\Y; asÅb
* ntun Ak &ibW*túmiNdr g‹;r le=*

tOtIY pirCzd "
ait a;tÎibxB;s Ab' wnr;x*b;d punr;bOi¼k;rI j;p;n
úemEij eqek btRm;n pyRNt j;p;enr ¤ø;núptenr k;r,ú
* Great Asia Speare, pr;jY aqwnitk pÓbOiÊ Ab' b;b¿l aqRnIitr /B's
* j;p;nI smrxi¼² ibStOitr epzen dui$ r;eêÓr smqRn
* j;p;nI s;mÓ;ej* anukul h\Y;
* a;Ntj;itRk s'e` ey;gd;enr pr ¤d;sInt;
* emEij s'ib/;enr ]³i$à ibxO×l; sOiêk;rI kU$nIit
* a;Ntj;itRk pNhI ixedh;r; ikjuer; bn;m j;tIYt;b;dI ek;en;eY fuimm;er;
* a;emirk;r hSte=p Ab' ibiCzµt;b;d
* j;p;enr ibiCzµt;úmui¼²r pq
* j;p;enr pÓitr=I eY;ixd;Ûr entOtB
* ekn &;rt p;rm;,ibk prI=; krl?
* p;rm;,ibk inrS]Ikre, j;p;n \ &;retr smeZ;t;
* aqRin&Rr a;Ntj;itRk shey;igt; dI`RSh;YI nY
* ÚAli@ipÛú x;sn;mel j;p;enr &;lmNd
* em;ir pÓ/;n mN]Ir &;ret jnipÓYt;r k;r,
* j;p;enr aita;tÎibxB;s b;b¿l aqRnIitr /Besr k;r,
* a;nugt*à ktRb*à m;nibkt;úúúúúú aqRwnitk pÓbOiÊr pÓitp;lk j;p;nI sm;ejr xi¼²
* j;p;nIedr Sb&;bisÊ pÓecê; \ kmRkuxlt; h;ireY y;Yin

ctuqR pirCzd "
j;p;n \ &;rt prSperr k;ez aijRt ix=;
úeboÊ/mR eqek º• ker a;Ei$ pyRNt 1500 bzerr ibinmY sMpkRú
* r;êÓdUt heCz r;jnIit \ s'SkOitr edY;l ait½me,r kim¤inek$r
* jnÎ&Uimà btRm;n abSh;nú ¤&eYr Eith;s Ab' s'SkOit j;n; apirh;yR
* wbedixk h;ml; eqek suri=t j;p;n
* eboÊ/mR jnÎ ideYez &;rtIY pÓ;cIn dxRn
* %ÓIê;n /mR \ &;rtIY puer;iht
* &;ret  c;eYr a;b;d  ix=;pÓ;Pt j;p;nI
* @šr p;lúAr j;p;nI yuÊ;pr;/Iedrek =m; kr;r i&i¼
* f-;sIr  a;edex eyoqisÊ;eNtr i&i¼et pÓd;n anuict
* ekn &;rtIYr; j;p;núipÓY ?
* aqRwnitk inMngit j;p;nIedrek &;rtIY cliCce]r idek efr;eb!

p÷m pirCzd "
a;/uink j;p;n &;rtIYedr ece% ik&;eb pÓitibiÁt hl
ú SbLp pÓ;kOitk sMpedr edx ik&;eb ibSÎYkr ¤µit s;/n krl t;r git pÓt*= kerú
* j;p;nIedr s;eq bN/uetBr bN/en m;t;mh Ab' m;t;
* j;p;nú&;retr estu iheseb j;p;nú&;rt Aes;iseYxn
* ixegen;bu \\kum; Ab' AEEic ixbus;\Y; j;p;nú&;rt b;i,ij*k smOiÊr ¤dg;t;
* j;p;nú&;rt Aes;iseYxenr 100 bzr
* &;rtIY \ ibedxI s'SkOitr imlnekNdÓ a;m;edr gOh
* AE ec;e% ed%; &;rtIY s'SkOitr ibx;l ibStOit
* pÓqm eqekE j;p;enr Úp;rm;,ibkÛ pÓitkOitr s;eq Ak;tÎt;
* j;p;nI sm;ejr gitxIlt; sMpekR a;gÓhI heY \#;
* a;m;r icNt;Y Úp;#puStk sms*;Û
* j;p;en ef;rúA*;N@úh;f¿úem$ú•m eqek jIbn º•
* esnet; ik ?
* p;nx;l; \ r;emnúxep ex%; j;p;nI &;W;
* inmR;,k;ej Ak;k;r  e$;ikeY; ailiMpekr pUbR=,
* esE smY j;p;nI z;]edr ¤pl= izl
* m;] a;$ bzer j;p;enr aibxB;s* pirbtRn s;/n

Wë pirCzd "
aitk;Y hiSt j;p;n injek a;r\ ibxB;s ¤¼m
ú150 bzer duÛb;r Ús'k$Û ait½me,r ±it…/;rIú
* j;p;nek a;m;r Sbedx ibebcn;Y h;ig\Y;r; m;kut;er;r kibt;
* as^itek inYN]e,r =mt;à b*i¼²t*;gek SbOIkOitd;enr xi¼²
* aSpê &ibW*tà j;p;nI t•, sm;j
* 10 bzr per j;p;enr abSh;
* bihRibexB em/; in"s;rk j;p;nI ix=; pÊit
* Úinjbl b;ŸblÛE heCz &;rtIY ixºedr a;dxR
* Sbecê;Y mui¼² anusN/;nk;rI &;rtIY ixº
* a;il^n;bÊ &;retr dui$ sms*;
* r;jnIitetE y%nE /mRek a;n; hY ibxO'%l;r sOiê hY
* sms*; sm;/;n keLp ¤e# d-;‹;en; p-;c h;j;r bzerr em/;
* ixNhà eboÊ \ ihNdu/emRr ey;g sU] ibWeY
* sbikzuetE ±it…gt ±ek*r abSh;n
* atIet duÛb;r r;êÓek punRg#enr mh;pirkLpn; gÓh,
* ±it…úpunRg#enr me/*E punr;Y a;tÎibxB;s ajRn sÅb
   gÓNhi$r sUcn;pebR el%k gÓNhi$r n;mkre,r pXc;_p$ b*;%*; kerezn. AE pXc;_p$ itin %-uej epeYezn j;p;enr gt ed‹xÛ bzerr r;êÓIY s;fel*r Eith;sà ±ite…r i&ter. pÓqemE sfl emEij s'Sk;r Ø1868Ù. s;mNtt;iN]k x;snb*bSh; smÓ;e$r h;et hSt;Ntirt. Aed; yug Ø1600ú1868Ù aqR;_ m/*yug  eqek a;/uink yueg akSÎ;_ j;p;enr –p;Ntr. sMpU,R&;eb eY;er;pIY anukre, emEij smÓ;e$r is'h;sen a;er;h,. s;mÓ;j*b;dI icNt;ectn;r ¤eNÎW. eY;er;pIY smr \ yN]b;edr a;md;nI. ix=;b*bSh;Y ‡•tB a;er;p. A‡el; at*Nt s;fel*r s;eq sMp;dn kerez j;p;n. Arpr 1894ú95 s;el pr;½mx;lI p;xBbtIR r;j* ixn¿ b; cIenr s;eq yueÊ jYl;&. emEij s'Sk;err m;] 27 bzr perr `$n;. 1904ú05 s;el •xúj;p;n yueÊ j;p;enr  ibjY ajRn. A$; j;p;nsh smgÓ AixY;Y a&UtpUbR Aki$ `$n;.  exBt;^ xi¼²ek AE pÓqm ek;n i&µbe,RRr j;it yueÊ pr;St kret p;rl. smgÓ AixY;r j;itsmUehr me/* j;p;enr AE ibjY ey t;ek xi¼²x;lI Aki$ j;itet pir,t kret s;h;y* kerez A$; bl;E b;Ÿl*. jNm l;& kerez  Új;p;nIúxi¼²Û bel ntun Aki$ pÓb;d.
   iátIY ibXbyuÊ pyRNt j;p;n AixY;r Akm;] ixeLp;µt r;eêÓ pÓitë; l;& kerez. ¤gÓ j;tIYt;b;dà smrb;edr Z;¹; ¤i‹eYez cInà ek;irY; pyRNt. pÓ;Y smgÓ AixY;r &U%¹ s;mÓ;j*b;dI j;p;enr krtlgt heYizl. 1923 s;el  di=,úpUbR j;p;enr mh;&UimkMpenr pr punr;Y m;q; tuel d-;i‹eYez. 1945 s;el yueÊ im]xi¼² a;emirk;r k;ez pr;jY br, Ab' t_prbtIR 40 bzerr me/* a;emirk;r z]z;Y;Y ibeXbr idBtIY aqwnitk xi¼²et  ¤µIt h\Y;r egorb ajRn\ ibeXb j;p;enr mtn r;eêÓr pe= sÅb heYez. AE ¤µYenr epzen k;j kerez mUlt" ek;irY; yuÊ. j;p;enr j;Eb;_su‡el; pÓcur aS] wtrI \ srbr;ehr k;j eqek. reYez wbdu*itk sr¢;m wtrIet r;êÓIY sbRxi¼² pÓeY;egr mtn t;_=i,k ¤ed*;gà pirkLpn;. 1964 s;el anuiët e$;ikeY; ailiMpk. AE bzerE k;l;r i$i&à buel$ e$ÓEn c;lu pÓ&Oit s;fl*jnk kmRk;¹‡el;.
    AE ey s;fel*r ±it… j;p;n sOiê kerez gt ed‹x bzerr me/*. pir,t heYez el%ekr &;W;Y ibx;l hiStet. 1990 s;elr pr b;b¿l Øbud¿bud¿Ù aqRnIitr /B'spÓ;iPtr m/* ideY esE ±it… e&e^ p‹ezà •g« heY p‹ez Ar aqRnIità sbR] j;p;nIr; ekmn eyn pÓ;,hInÞ A$;E el%k l=* kerezn 30 bzr pr 2000 s;el j;p;en &;rtIY r;êÓdUt heY pÓt*;btRenr pr j;p;enr ibi&µ Sh;n pirdxRn ker. AEb;r ineY itnb;r itin j;p;en Aeln. pÓqm Aesizeln 1962 s;el Sbn;m/n* ekEeY; igjuku ibXbibd*;leYr z;] iheseb. y%n ailiMpk egmesr a;eY;jn   Ab' buel$ e$ÓEenr inmR;, ye+ ¤dY;St b*St r;j/;nI e$;ikeY; t;r a;xp;x. Arpr &;rtIY dUt;b;esr sicb iheseb 1970 s;el. k;ejE a&*NtrI, j;p;nek eymn %ub `inë&;eb pÓt*= kerezn etmin j;p;enr s;eq keYk dxekr p;irb;irk b;i,ij*k sMpekRr k;re, j;p;enr Eith;sek g&Ir&;eb anu/;bn kr;r suey;g l;& kerezn. Øel%ekr m;t;mh klk;t;r b;isNd; bel ¤eö% kerezn.Ù c;krI sUe] el%kek j;p;enr ibi&µ Sh;en b¼²Ot; pÓd;n k;el a;gt aitiqedr k;ez ¤&Y edexr r;jwnitkà s;'SkOitk Ab' aqwnitk abSh;id tuel /ret hY. j;p;enr btRm;n ineStj abSh;ek itin blet c;eCznú a;tÎibXb;shInt;Þ j;p;n a;tÎibXb;s h;ireYez m;]ú A$; s;miYkú a;b;r ifer p;\Y; sÅb. AE Ei^tek Aki$ &;rtIY pÓb;edr m/* ideY inedRx kereznúh;it •g« hel\ h;it. teb el%ekr /;r,; anus;er j;p;nI aqRnIit •g« hel\ A%en; suSh. AE suSht;r ikzu$; amqRn p;\Y; y;Y sMpÓit Aki$ s;Pt;ihk k;gej s;=;_k;r d;n k;el a;NtjR;itk b*i¼²tB ib%*;t ekeY;esr; pÓitë;enr an;r*;ir epÓise@N$ En;em;ir k;ju\Ûr b¼²eb*. itin beleznà a;sel aE mNd;bSh; j;p;enr kOxk;Y h\Y; nYà pÓkOt abSh;Y ifer a;s;. yug \ s&*t;r dÓ³t pirbtRnxIlt;r Akm;] ixk;r heCz m;nb sm;j. pÓiti$ sm;ejrE ¤ø;núptn reYez. j;p;n  t;r b*it½m nY. teb j;p;enr e=e] AE mNd;&;b s;r; ibexBr aqRnIitet ib–p pÓ&;b efl;r sÅ;bn; %ub Sb;&;ibk belE duiXcNt;r k;r, ibd*m;n. j;p;enr º&;k;×I iheseb xÓI ex# Ar b*it½m nn.
   pÓqm pirCzed el%k g&Ir p;i¹t*à SbCz dOiêek;, eqek b*;%*; kerezn ey ibWY‡el; t; heCz" j;p;enr aqwnitk in:pÓ;,t;r k;r,à hiSt ey º/u bn*pº nYú ihNdu \ eboÊ/emRr aibiCzµ ±Xbirkúm;^ilk pÓtIkà hiStr s;eq tulnIY j;p;enr btRm;n &g«Sb;Sh* mUlt" a;x;b;edr l=,à yueÊ;¼r eneh• ktORk epÓirt ÚEiNdr;Û n;mk h;itr ¤ph;r j;p;nI ixºedr jn* izl a;el;ikt &ibW*etr  epÓr,;à e$;ikeY; imil$;rI $Ó;Ebun;elr an*tm ibc;rpit @ r;/;iben;d p;elr ±ith;isk r;Y y; j;tIYt;b;dI r;jnIitr e=e] Ak aibXb;s* punjR;gr,à suibc;rà inrep=t;à mh;nu&bt; A%en; j;p;nIedr a;itÎk xi¼²à e$;ikeY;Sh \eYen; ici‹%;n;Y a;j\ reYez eneh•r aibSÎr,IY b;,Ià j;p;en epÓirt ctuqR r;êÓIY ¤ph;err h;iti$r n;m ÚsUeyR;dYÛ y; j;p;enr &ibW*t sMpekR %ubE t;_pyRpu,R. AE pirCzedr pÓiti$ rcn;E aqRbh Ab' yueg;pey;gI.  
   zYi$ pirCzedr me/* sbeceY ‡•tBpU,R heCz idBtIYi$. AE pirCzedr ibWY‡el; eqekE Spê /;r,; ¤e# a;es ey a;Ei$ e=e] &;retr agÓgit Ab' ibXbaqRnIitet ar apÓiter;/* pÓ&;b btRm;en kI pyR;eY a;ez Ab' &ibW*et ek;n¿ pyR;eY igeY ep-ozueb. Sb;/Int;r pr gt 50 bzer puren; &;rtb;sIr j;gÓt aqRwnitk mui¼²úectn;r xi¼²x;lI pÓitfln `$et º• kerez AE e=e]. ibSÎYkr sf$\Y*;r ¤µYenr c;ihd; m;nbkl*;e,r p;x;p;ix &ibW*etr m;r,;is]k smrb;dek\ pÓ&;ibt kret p;er A$;\ aSbIk;r kr;r ¤p;Y enE. eknn; ibXbjns'%*;r inYN], Ab' aqRwnitk b*bSh;r s;eq yuÊ \s'`WR \tepÓ;t&;eb sMpikRt. ikN¼ ej;$inrep= Ab' x;iNtb;dI yu¼²r;j* &;rt m;nbeg;ëIr d;irdÓà angÓsrt; seb;pir a;dxR m;nb sOjnkeLp t;r a;Ei$únIitek pÓeY;g krebn A$;  eymn a;m;edr a;x;b;d etmin el%k ktROk ¤ÊOit a;/uink &;retr dÓê; j\hr l;l eneh•r mNtb* eqek\ AE pÓt*;x;E ‡¢n et;el. eneh• j;p;nI \ &;rtIY t•, pÓjnÎek belizeln ÚÚnbidenr miNdrÛÛú y; a;jekr a;Ei$ pÓyui¼²à EN$;ren$úm;/*m duE edexr btRm;n Ab' an;gt t•, pÓjenÎr &;tObn¯enr ey;gsUe]r k;j º• kerez. gÓNhk;err &;W* anuy;YI sf¿$\Y*;r ¤µYenr e=e] j;p;n &;rt prSpr pÓitáNdI n; hel\ j;p;en &;rtIY a;Ei$úb;j;r ibStOt het smY l;geb. eknn; Ú&;W;Û A%;en Aki$ ibr;$ b*b/;n. a;r ey k;re, j;p;nI b;j;ri$\ =udÓ.
   AE pirCzed el%k &;rt sMpekR ey skl tq* ¤pSh;pn  kerezn t; scr;cr j;p;nI g,m;/*em a;esn;. a;esn; gÓNhp;‹;Y gÓNhg;er. j;p;nI ikzu s'%*k b*bs;YIedr &;rt ibWeY a;gÓh q;kel\ s;/;r, m;nueWr enE blelE cel Akm;] pyR$n ibWY z;‹;. &;rt srk;r\ AE e=e]E bŸ bzr /er ‡•tB a;erp ker a;sez.  ¤pSh;ipt tq*‡el; pÓb;sI aenk &;rtIYr; j;enn n; hYtb;. eymn &;ret ¤ã;ist s'%*; ÚxUn*Û a;jekr kiMp¤$;rúpÓyui¼²r s;eq sMpkRyu¼². ibeXbr iátIY /nI b*bs;YI
A%n &;retE a;ezn. iyin a;Ei$ b*bs;r e=e] as;m;n* s;fl* ajRn kerezn. pren;sh btRm;n pÓjenÎr aenk pÓitë;n a;EAs\ (International Organization for Standardization) isirejr aNt&Ru¼² heYez. AE pyReY a;s; abx*E &;retr sudI`Rk;elr s'gÓ;mI pÓb,t;r Sb;=r bhn  ker. a;emirk;à bOe$nà j;mR;nà fÓ;Nssh s;r; ibXbb*;pI dÓ³t Sh;n ker ineCz &;rtIY jnxi¼² Ab' s'SkOità Et*;id. s;/;r, p;#k yid gÓNh%;in p;# kern AE ibSÎY tq*‡el; sMpekR ntun ker abiht hebn.
   tOtIY pirCzed el%k at*Nt SpxRk;tr  ibWY iney  a;el;cn; kerezn. y; Sb;&;ibk k;re,E s;/;r, p;#k Ab' icNt;xIl exÓ,Ir me/* tkRúibtekRr sOiê kreb. j;p;enr a;/uink Eith;sà smk;lIn s;m;ijk abSh; ineY y;r; gebW,; krezn t;edr me/* reYez n;n; ib&i¼². el%k eymn men kern emEij eqek btRm;n pyRNt gt xt;i/k bzerr j;p;enr Ak;i/k ¤ø;núptenr k;r,ú aitir¼² a;tÎibXb;s etmin gebWk et;ixa;ik \\_suk; men kernà emEij s'Sk;r pyRNt j;p;enr ¤¼r, yuegr pÓeY;jenE heYez  ikN¼ Aktrf;&;eb eY;er;pIY pÓ&;b gÓh, ker s;mÓ;j*b;dI h\Y;r anukr, izl m;r;tÎk &ul. idBtIY ibXbyueÊ pr;jY es &uelrE m;sul a;r ikzu nY. b;b¿l aqRnIit /Besr e=e]\ aitir¼² a;tÎibXb;s bl el%k ibXb;s kernà A ineY gebWkà pyReb=kmhl z;‹;\  s;/;r, m;nuWek blet ºenizúmUlt" esE m;ikRnIúeY;er;pmu%I anukre,r /;r; Ab' aitdÓ³t aqRwnitk ¤µYnE b;b¿l aqRnIitr /B'esr k;r,. º/u ey aqRnIitúb*bs;úb;i,ej*r =it heYez t;E nYúwdniNdn jIbenr ±it…b;hI /;r;ekE bdel ideYez Amn&;eb y; eqek sOiê heYez Ak;i/k  j;tIY s'k$. ibexW ker Úixnijn•EÛ b; ntun Ak pÓjenÎr a;tÎpÓk;x `e$ez y;edr me/* j;p;intB blet a;r ikzu enE. y;r; alsà kmRibmu%à l=*hInà d;iYtBhIn. a&*St heY pe‹ez crm ibl;sI jIbny;pen. t;edrek ±it…gt peq ifireY a;netE Akdl pi¹t y;r; icNt;xIl j;tIYt;b;dI  Úineh;nijner;nÛ b; j;p;nIt¼Bb;edr sUcn; kerezn mUlt" el%nIr m;/*em. ikN¼ ek ex;en k;r kq;Þ b;b¿lúprbtIR j;p;nI klk;r%;n;‡el; dirdÓ edex Sh;n;Nterr  k;r, iheseb kmR=m t•, xÓimekr s'k$\ Aki$. suib%*;t b;i,ij*k pÓitë;n Eet;cu\úAr is\ ibexW b*i¼²tB Eicer; in\Y; et; a;s;ih i$i&r s;eq Ak s;=;_k;er SpêE bel efeleznà t•, pÓjenÎr k;j kr;r a;gÓh enEú eymni$  a;ez cIn;edr k;ejE b;/* heY a;m;edrek ± sb edex lg«I kret heCzà klk;r%;n; ineY eyet heCzú k;r, ek;Mp;nIek et; b-;c;et heb. fel ed¤ilY; heCz eymn pÓitë;n etmin sOiê heCz ebk;rtBú kem y;eCz el;k s'%*;à ibStOt heY celez klk;r%;n;r Úae$;emxnÛ Úer;eb;i$kr,Ûà bOiÊ p;eCz bYSk n;girkúdÓ³t j;p;n /;ibt heCz isl&;r es;s;Ei$r idek aqRwnitk ainXcYt; \ inr;p¼;hInt;r k;re, t•, pÓjenÎr me/* sOiê kerez ibb;ehr an;gÓh. Ak srk;rI iheseb ed%; y;eCz 2000 s;el pÓ;Pt bYSk heYez aqR;-_ 20 bzer pe‹ez Amn pÓjenÎer s'%*; izl 1à520à000 jn. 2015 s;el kem igeY d-;‹;eb 1à240à000 jen. bl; y;Yà &ibW*t j;p;enr d;iYtBxIl n;girk g#en yueÊ;¼r pÓitiët ¤Cc;ibl;sI r;jwnitk ent;r; &;el; Ab' mNd due$;E j;p;nek ideYezn. gebW,; krel  men hY meNdr p;ö;$;E &;ir heb. im. ex# cm_k;r Aki$ mNtb* kerezn j;p;n Ab' anu–p /nI edx‡el;r aqRs;h;y* nIit b;  m;niskt; sMpekR eyà aqRs;h;y* ideY a;NtjR;itkúabd;n r;%; b; smÎ;n ajRenr idn exW. eymn a;rb ¤ps;grIY yueÊ j;p;enr ibx;l a'ekr EeYn pÓd;n ker m;ikRnI yuÊnIitek  sr;sir smqRn. aqb; a;emirk;Y s'`i$t 11 eseP$Áerr sN];sI apk;eòr sU] /er ibXbb*;pI sN];s dUrIkre, ibi&µ dirdÓ edex m;ikRnI pÓx;senr aqRs;h;y* pÓq; pÓbtRn. AE&;eb  en;'r; r;jwnitk ¤eâx* s;/enr le= aqRs;h;y* ideY ek;n  j;itr k;ez pÓkOt smÎ;n a;d;Y kr; y;Yn;. pÓeY;jn p;rSpirk xÓÊ;eb;/à SbOkOit Ab' /mIRYús;'SkOitk smeZ;t;. A$; h;ireY egez belE tq;kiqt Ús&*t;r s'`WRÛ ed%; ideYez bel aenekr /;r,;.
   ctuqR pirCzed el%k j;p;n \ &;retr p;rSpirk ix=;l™ ibWY ineY ebx ikzu ¤ÕBl tq* a;m;edr ideYezn. A%;en itin pÓqemE beleznà bihRibeXb Aki$ edexr r;êÝdUetr &uimk; heCz" itin r;jwnitk \ s;'SkOitk pÓitbn¯kt;r ¤e/BR bn¯utB Sh;pnk;rI. b;Stbkq; ikN¼ at*Nt pirt;epr ibWY eyà ai/k;'x e=e]E di=, AxIY edx‡el;r r;êÓdUtr; bihRibexb abSh;nk;el t; p;ln kern n;. a;r\ Aki$ mUl*b;n kq; beleznà Sbedx Ab' pÓitp= edx ¤&eYr Eith;s Ab' s'SkOit p;# j•rI. º/u kU$wnitk sMpekRr e=e]E nY b;i,ij*k sflt;r e=e]\ AE pÓecê;r ibkLp enE.

   j;p;n ey s;mÓ;j*b;dI Aki$ r;êÓ b; xi¼² izl t; Eith;súsmÎt. yid\ ek;irY;à EeNd;enixY;à t;E\Y;nà m;÷uirY;à s;Ep;nà p;l;\ pÓ&Oit a÷l pyRNt j;p;enr s;mirk sMpÓs;r,b;dI nIit ineY reYez n;n; ibtkR. j;p;núipÓY rbINdÓn;q SbY' cIenr pÓit j;p;nI s;mÓ;j(*b;dI ai&y;enr k‹; sm;el;cn; kerizeln. iátIY ibXbyuÊpUbR pyRNt j;p;n k%en; bihRxi¼² á;r; a;½;Nt hYin. teb el%k men kernà pÓ;cIn k;el mh;s;grIY a÷l eqek Úk;imk;ejÛ Et*;id Z‹úZ¶Z;r pUn"pUn" a;gmn ehtu pÓ;kOitk xi¼²r pÓit j;p;nIedr men &YimixÓt xÓÊ;r jNm. ½em t;r; pÓ;kOitk xi¼² jlúb;Yuúaig«úm;i$úp;h;‹úp;qr pÓ&Oitet ŠXberr xi¼² k;j ker bel ibXb;es pÓ,t hY. AE ibXb;s eqekE sOê Úixneq; /mRÛ Ab' Úixnek;ku inènÛ b; ŠXbrúr;êÓ j;p;enr. mh;s;grIY Z‹úZ¶Z; º/u nYà j;p;n pÓ&;ibt heYez g&Ir&;eb ibedxI s'SkOitr a;md;nIr á;r;. ek;irY;à cInà &;rt Ab' eY;er;pIY s'SkOità /mRà icNt; Ab' pÓyui¼²r pÓb;h j;p;nI &Uimekà j;p;nIedr m;nsek A%en; tIbÓ&;eb a;eNd;ilt ker celez. ek;irYIr; tq; EY;eY;Er; ineY Aesez &;W;à /;tur b*bh;rúpÓyui¼²úpÊità mOt m;nueWr s_k;ri½Y; Et*;idß cIn eqek Aesez k;nij a=rà Eekb;n;r /;r,;à c; ed;¤ Øi$ iserminÙà kunfuiseY; mtb;d Et*;idß &;rt eqek Aesez eboÊ/mRà eboÊ dxRnß /*;n¿ Øejn¿ eboÊ /mRÙà isÊ;múp;ilús'SkOtú%er;ië ilip A%en; i½Y;xIl j;p;nI &;W;r a;tÎ;Yà Az;‹; j;p;en c;eYr c;eWr pÊit\ Aesez &;rt eqek. eY;er;p eqek Aesez r;jwnitkà g,t;iN]kà a;/uink x;snt;iN]k /;r,;. ikNtu j;p;nIedr duec;% ibSÎeY ibSf;irt heYizl Aed; yueg bihr;edx eqek a;gt el;h;r j;h;ejr smuedÓ e&es cl;Þ esE pÓqm y;iN]k s&*t;r idek j;p;nIedr dOiê a;kOê hY. emEij eqek ex;\Y; yuegr ibXbyuÊ pyRNt m;ikRnI \ eY;er;pIY s&*t;ús'SkOit á;r; j;p;nI ngrjIbn kI a&Ut&;eb pÓ&;ibt Ab' anukr,ipÓY ¤e#izl t; ibSÎeYr ¤edÓgE kerÞ y;r /;r; A%n cU‹;Nt –p /;r, kerez. AixY;r kOiWs&*t;r edx j;p;nek a;j eY;er;pIY r;êÓ blel atu*i¼² kr; heb ik ? pÓkOtpe= j;p;n bihRibeXbr s;mirk ai&y;n eqek r=; epel\ bihRús'SkOitr ai&y;n aqb; a;md;nI pÓb,t; eqek a;tÎr=; kret p;erin. t;E bel j;p;nI injSb s'SkOità ±it…à rIitnIit h;ireY egez t; nYà br' ibi&µ edxIY s'SkOit j;p;nI s'SkOitr s;eq Ak;tÎ heY ai&nbà ibic] s'SkOitr a&u*dY `i$eYez. s;MpÓitkk;el j;p;nI m;ng; ØkimksÙús'SkOit AixY; eqek a;emirk; pyRNt bum heY ed%; ideYez. j;p;nI j;tIY %;b;r suix ibXbb;sIr mn jY ker ineY a;erk s;mÓ;j* ibSt;r ker celez.
an*idek b;i,j*ek\ yid a;m;r m;nb s'SkOit an* Aki$ –p /er inE. t;hel\ j;p;nI &;rI pÓyui¼²à wbdu*itk s;jsr¢;mà imi@Y;ús'SkOitr pÓ&;b s;r; ibXbE gÓh, krez. a;b;r &;rtIY iben;dn/mIR cliCce]\ A%n j;p;en jnipÓYt; l;& krez. el%ekr /;r,; j;p;enr aqRwnitk inMngit AE buemr k;r, Ab' &ibW*et t; a;r\ ej;r;el; het p;er.

    p÷m pirCzed el%k ikzu aj;n; ±ith;isk tq* siµebixt kereznà y; a;jekr pÓjeNmr ejen r;%; pÓeY;jn. a;mr; kÛjnEb; j;in ey pÓ;kOitk ¤_shIn Ab' cIn \ r;ixY;r s;eq s;eq yueÊ ibjYI edx j;p;enr ib+;n \ pÓyui¼²gt ¤µYnE a;jekr &;retr Akidn izl a;dxR. iátIY ibXbyuÊpUbR pyRNt j;p;nI k*;e@$ kelej &;rtIY z;]r; k;irgir ix=; l;& kerezn. A%n\ aenk z;] p‹et a;sezn. ek j;net; j;p;nú&;rt ibinmY sMpkRek pOëep;Wkt; kerizeln Akd; j;p;nI pÓ/;n mN]Ià ib%*;t \Y;esd; ibXbibd*;leYr pÓitë;t; ixegen;bu \\kum;. j;p;nú&;rt wm]I simitr pÓqm s&;pit izeln j;p;enr agÓ,I ixLppità pÓqm b*;'k pÓitë;t; AEEic ixbus;\Y;. &;retr pÓqm s;irr &;rIixLp pÓitë;n $;$;Ûr j;mexdjI rtn $;$;\ j;p;en p; ere%izelnà anusr, kerezn A edexr pÓyui¼²ibd*;ek.
 AE pirCzed el%k j;p;nI sm;ejr gitxIlt; Ø@;En*;imjmÙ ek;q;Y t;r mUl anusN/;n kerezn. t;r &;W* eqek j;n; y;YúSb;/In Ab' g,t;iN]k r;êÓteN]r me/* iniht reYez j;itr s;men AigeY cl;r anuepÓr,;. eymn a;emirk;à
f{;Ns. j;p;enr e=e] 200 bzerr ibiCzµt; eqek wmEij s'Sk;err me/* ideY a;/uink sm;ej ¤¼r,. ikNtu sbRe=e] AE abSh;Y r;êÓIY ¤µYn git p;Yn;. j;p;enr e=e] r;êÓIY Ab' s;m;ijk e=e] pÓc¹ gitxIlt; a;net eperizeln t%nk;r ibc=, entOtBà y; Sb;/Int;pÓ;Pt &;rtsh AE a÷elr edx‡el;r e=e] sÅb hYin. j;itgt ¤µYen em/;sMpµ ¤Ccibl;sI entOtB ey apirh;yR es$; itin SÎr, kireY ideln.

   A%;en s;MpÓitk;elr j;p;nI ibd*;leYr Eith;s ibWYk p;#bEúsms*; ineY\ injSb mt b*¼² kerezn. t-;r metà º/u atIt `$n;r punr;bOi¼ b; &;el;mNd eyoi¼²kt;r ibc;r n; ker pÓkOt st*ek SbIk;r kr;$;E Eith;sú+;enr pirc;Yk. j;p;n es$; krel a;r Z;eml; q;ek n;. 

   Wë Ab' exW pirCzed el%k j;p;nek At%;in &;el;b;esn ey Aedxi$ iátIY jNm&Uim blet iá/; kern in. a;r AE men;&;b;pµ het anupÓ;i,t kerez Sbn;m/n* kib s;kut;er; h;ig\Y;r;rÛr kibt;.

   AE pirCzed j;p;enr j;tIY sms*;r keYki$ tuel /erezn. Arme/* &ibW*_úxi¼² t•, sm;ejr btRm;n ht;x;b*¢k abSh;n t-;ek g&Ir&;eb a;el;i‹t kerez. 1998 s;elr Ak jrIp tuel /er beleznà AE bzr a;tÎht*;k;rIedr s'%*; 31 h;j;r z;i‹eY egez. y;edr ai/k;'xE heCzn anu/R ciöx. p;x;p;ix anu/R ibx bzerr t•,edr me/*\ a;tÎhnenr pÓb,t; ½mx" bOiÊ epeY celez. Ar mUl k;r, ai&epÓt kemRr a&;bà ebk;rtBà z;$;Eà inMntr p;irxÓimk Et*;id. aqR;_ t•, pÓjeNmr s;men SbCz &ibW*etr ek;n Ex;r; enE. AE epÓ=;pe$ a;g;mI dx bzr j;p;enr abSh; ek;q;Y igeY d-;‹;eb t;r Aki$ tuln;mUlkú t;r eceY bl; &;el; ekotuhlkr ic] ¤pSh;pn kerezn. 2001 s;elr m;cR m;es ib%*;t edn_su es; ekn pÓitë;n cInà di=, ek;irY;à q;El*;¹à is^;pur Ab' &;retr 18 eqek 69 bzr bYesr n;girkedr icNt;&;bn;r s;eq j;p;nIedr Aki$ tuln;mUlk jrIp pÓk;x kerez. AE jrIp eqek &;rtIY Ab' j;p;nIedr icNt;r t;rtm* heCz A rkm "
pÓqm pÓx« " a;g;mI dx bzr per inj edexr abSh; &;el; heb ik ?
ú Ø&;el; hebÙ ¤¼rd;t; heeCzn 31 xt;'x j;p;nI " 68 xt;'x &;rtIY.
iátIY pÓx« " a;g;mI dx bzr per ibeXbr abSh; &;el; heb ik ?
ú Ø&;el; hebÙ ¤¼rd;t; heCzn 33 xt;'x j;p;nI " 57 xt;'x &;rtIY.
útOtIY pÓx« " a;g;mI dx bzr per pOiqbIr pirebx btRm;n abSh; eqek a;r\ &;el; heb ik ?
ú Ø&;el; hebÙ ¤¼rd;t; heCzn 19 xt;'x j;p;nI " 53 xt;'x &;rtIY.
&ibW*t sMpekR j;p;nIedr AE ht;x; el%kek\ ht;x kerez. AE piriShitr el%k a;erki$ ‡•tBpU,R sms*;\ ¤eö% kerezn y; t;r ibc=, dOiêet /r; pe‹ez. es$; j;p;nI ix=; b*bSh;. en;ebl ibjYI j;p;nI ib+;nI ihedik ixr;k;\Y;Ûr b¼²b*ek smqRn ker itin\ beleznà j;p;en ibexW pÓit&;sMpµ ixºedr pÓit&; ibk;exr le= ek;n nIit b; pÊit enE. y; reYez a;emirk;Y. ey k;re, pÓit&;‡el; b;Eer cel eyet b;/* hY.
   sbRexW el%k j;p;nek t;r hÌt a;tÎibXb;sek ifireY a;n;r jn* a;ebdn j;ineYezn. j;p;n t;r inejr ¤pr a;r\ ibXb;s Sh;pn kr; pÓeY;jn. atIet\ j;p;n duÛb;r AE j;tIY ibpyRStt; k;i$eY ¤#et pungR#n pirkLpn; gÓh, ker s;fl* l;& kerez. Aki$ 1923 s;el k;net; &UimkeMpr prà iátIYb;r iátIY mh;yueÊ pr;jeYr pr. k;ejE atIetr pq anusr, ker j;p;nek a;b;r ¤e# d-;‹;et heb Ab' es$; sÅb. ikNtu yug p;eL$ezà smY a;mUl bdel egez. b;Stbt; an* Ei^t ideCz. j;p;enr c;ridekr edx‡el; A%n W;$ús¼r dxekr dirdÓà ipizeY p‹; edx enE. a;ib:k;rà ¤ã;bn;à icNt;r ibk;x Ab' m;ikRnIúj;p;nI pÓyui¼²r smk= pÓyui¼² A%n t;edr h;et. a;E i$Ûr idk ideY z;i‹eY egez j;p;nek bŸdUr. ikesr ¤pr in&Rr ker ¤e# d-;‹;eb j;p;n. i$i&à eri@\à \Y;km*;nà i&i@\à isi@à k*;es$erk@R;rà kiMp¤$;rà cIpsà em;b;El ef;nà kimksà iki$à ep;ekmnà em;$r g;i‹à kní$Ó;kxn ek;Mp;nIà ipis egEm n;ik b;eY;e$ken;lij ? A%n a;r eb-ec enE ibXbek t;k¿ l;igeY edY; yueÊ;¼r ibeXbr an*tm exÓë eslsm*;n Úes;inÛ pÓitë;t; a;ikeY; em;irt;à n*;xn;l p*;n;es;ink Øm;_suixt;Ù pÓitë;t; ekoen;suek m;_suixt;à eh;L@; pÓitë;t; ex;Eicer; eh;nd; pÓmu%. ibexBr exÓë i@j;En;r h;n;eY em;irÛr bÓ;ò mu% qube‹ pe‹ezà eh;ç; em;$r ek;Mp;nI kmRc;rIedr ebtenr Ak &;g hÓ;s kr;r kq; e`;W,; kerezà kink; kepR;erxn Ab' imen;L$; a^I&UUt heCzà 40 bzerr\ ebix puren; mihl; pÓk;xn; s'Sh; fuijn esEk;_su suè;n ek;Mp;nI heY egez ed¤ilY;. b‹ b‹ ek;Mp;nI‡el; ½m;gt Sh;n;Ntirt heCz sSt; p;irxÓimekr edx cIen. r;jnIitkr; b*St a;emirk;ek tuê kretE. p*;i$Ó\i$kà n*;xn;ilí$edr pek$ hey pe‹ez xUn*. ibd*;leYr z;]z;]Iedr em/;r m;n inMng;mI heCz ½mx". ½em ½em bOiÊ p;eCz Úeh;melesÛr s'%*;. k;ejr edex a;j k;j enEÞ a&;bnIY be$ Þ
   AE muhUetR yid j;p;en ek¤ &;el; eqek q;ek es Akm;] 8/9 i$ i$i& c*;enl. ¤â;mt; a;ez es%;enEúa;r ek;q;\ t; ed%; y;eb n;. kOxk;Y heCz j;p;n. a;r\ Ak /;p b;i‹eY blel blet hY " kOxk;Y h\Y;$;E hyt t;r jn* &;el; heb. emdb;Ÿl* =itr k;r,\ be$. j;p;enr m*;r;qn edo‹ ½mx" x®q heY a;sezà t;rpr ik Ak smY eqem eyet heb ? ikNtu ek;n¿ gNteb*ú t;r Spê idkinedRxn; jn;b exe#r gÓeNh anupiSht. 

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